Difference between revisions of "I Want to Claim Refugee Status in Canada"

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* the risk is not lack of adequate medical care.  
* the risk is not lack of adequate medical care.  
   
   
Refugee claims are decided by the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada –Refugee Protection Division.  
Refugee claims are decided by the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.  


== First steps ==
== First steps ==
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==What happens next==  
==What happens next==  


The immigration officer will decide if are eligible to make a refugee claim. If you are eligible, your case will be referred to the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada and you will be given a Personal Information Form to complete.  
The officer will assess whether you are eligible to make a refugee claim. If you are eligible, your case will be referred to the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada and you will be given a Personal Information Form to complete.  


Complete your Personal Information Form. This form must be submitted to the Immigration and Refugee Board within 28 days. See the Legal Services Society publication "[http://www.clicklaw.bc.ca/resource/1941 Your Guide to the Refugee Claim Process]" for step-by-step instructions on completing this form.
Complete your Personal Information Form. This form must be submitted to the Immigration and Refugee Board within 28 days. See the Legal Services Society publication "[http://www.clicklaw.bc.ca/resource/1941 Your Guide to the Refugee Claim Process]" for step-by-step instructions on completing this form.


Prepare for your refugee hearing by gathering information about your case. It is up to you to convince the Refugee Protection Division that you are at risk if you return to your country. Gather identity documents, police reports, medical records and other information to show your story is true.
The next step is to prepare for your refugee hearing before the Refugee Protection Division of the Immigration and Refugee Board. At your hearing, a member of the Board will determine whether or not you are a Convention refugee or a person in need of protection. It is up to you to convince the Board that you are at risk if you return to your country. Gather identity documents, police reports, medical records and other information to show that your story is true.
 
At your refugee hearing, a member of the Immigration and Refugee Board will determine whether or not you are a Convention refugee or a person in need of protection.  


If you are found not to be a Convention refugee or person in need of protection, you may be eligible to apply for a Pre-Removal Risk Assessment or to apply to the Federal Court of Canada to have the decision in your case reviewed.  
If you are found not to be a Convention refugee or person in need of protection, you may be eligible to apply for a Pre-Removal Risk Assessment or to apply to the Federal Court of Canada to have the decision in your case reviewed.  

Revision as of 00:18, 22 November 2011

You can make a refugee claim at a Canadian border or airport, or from within Canada.

To be found to be a refugee, you must meet the definition of either a Convention refugee or a person in need of protection. Convention refugees are people outside their country of nationality or residence who are unable or unwilling to return to that country because of a "well-founded fear of persecution". This means they have a good reason to believe they are in danger and that the authorities in their country will not or cannot protect them. They may fear that they will be harmed because of their:

  • race,
  • religion,
  • political opinion,
  • nationality, or
  • membership in a particular social group (such as women or people of a particular sexual orientation).

Persons in need of protection are people who, if returned to their home country or country where they normally live, would face:

  • a danger of torture,
  • a risk to their life, or
  • a risk of cruel and unusual treatment or punishment.

To prove that you are a person at risk if returned to your country, you must show all of the following:

  • you are not able to get state protection from your country,
  • the risk is specific towards you or your family,
  • you face the risk in every part of your country,
  • the risk is not the result of punishment for a crime you committed, unless the punishment violates international standards, and
  • the risk is not lack of adequate medical care.

Refugee claims are decided by the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.

First steps[edit]

  1. Before you start a refugee claim, you should try to get help from a lawyer or settlement agency.
    • If you cannot afford a lawyer on your own, apply for legal aid. See Legal Aid Representation in the Resource Guide for information about applying for legal aid. To qualify for legal aid you must be financially eligible and your refugee claim must have merit.
    • If you do not qualify for legal aid, contact an immigrant settlement agency; see the Legal Services Society publication "Your Guide to the Refugee Claim Process" for a listing of settlement agencies.
    • Other options for getting legal help include contacting the Law Students Legal Advice Program or retaining a lawyer or immigration consultant privately.
  2. If you are at an airport or at a Canadian border crossing, start your refugee claim by telling a Canadian Border Services Agency officer that you want to make a refugee claim. You will be interviewed by the Canada Border Services Agency.
  3. If you are already in Canada, go to a Citizenship and Immigration Canada office to start your claim. To find a list of offices see Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Go to the reception counter and explain that you want to make a refugee claim.
  4. You will be asked to fill out an immigration form and will be interviewed by an officer. The interview could take place when you first make your claim or you might get an appointment to return for an interview.
  5. You should complete the immigration form and answer questions at your interview carefully and truthfully. The information you provide will be used at your refugee hearing. Keep a copy of the form for your records.

What happens next[edit]

The officer will assess whether you are eligible to make a refugee claim. If you are eligible, your case will be referred to the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada and you will be given a Personal Information Form to complete.

Complete your Personal Information Form. This form must be submitted to the Immigration and Refugee Board within 28 days. See the Legal Services Society publication "Your Guide to the Refugee Claim Process" for step-by-step instructions on completing this form.

The next step is to prepare for your refugee hearing before the Refugee Protection Division of the Immigration and Refugee Board. At your hearing, a member of the Board will determine whether or not you are a Convention refugee or a person in need of protection. It is up to you to convince the Board that you are at risk if you return to your country. Gather identity documents, police reports, medical records and other information to show that your story is true.

If you are found not to be a Convention refugee or person in need of protection, you may be eligible to apply for a Pre-Removal Risk Assessment or to apply to the Federal Court of Canada to have the decision in your case reviewed.

Tips and Notes If you are detained contact <immigration duty counsel>

Where to get help[edit]

See the Resource Guide for a list of helpful resources. Your best bets are:

  • The Legal Services Society publication "Your Guide to the Refugee Claim Process" explains the process of seeking refugee protection in Canada. It includes straightforward information about how to start a claim in BC, the overall process, how to fill out the forms for each stage, and where to get legal and other help.
  • Refugee Claims from inside Canada , from Citizenship and Immigration Canada, explains who can apply for refugee status from inside Canada, how to apply, and what happens next.
  • Immigration and Refugee Law, from MOSAIC, has a major section on refugees. It provides details of the refugee claim process.
  • LSLAP Manual: Immigration Law, from the UBC Law Students Legal Advice Program, has information about the refugee claim process.


Reasons why a person maybe found ineligible to make a refugee claim. A Claim is ineligible if a person:  has already been granted refugee protection in Canada or in another country  has previously been refused refugee protection in Canada  came to Canada from, or through, a designated safe third country where you could have claimed refugee protection, or  is a security risk, have violated human or inter¬national rights, have committed a serious crime or have been involved in organized crime