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{{DEMOWARNING}}
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|lessonname= Talking to the Police Lesson Module}}
Criminal laws make it illegal for someone to hurt or steal from other people. People who are accused of breaking the criminal law are taken to court by the government. This section explains the role of the police in investigating crimes, and what to do when you are talking to the police.


{{Clicklaw Wikibooks Badge}}
==The role of police==
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In the  '''''Talking to the Police Fact Sheet: What happens when a crime is committed''''' from [[People's Law School]] you will learn about:
* criminal law and the role of the police,
* reporting a crime and being a witness in court,
* being arrested, and going to court.


A police officer's duty is to protect the people in the community. In Canada, the police have to obey the law. If you believe a police officer is not obeying the rules of their role you can make a complaint.


==Contents==
===Making a complaint about the police===
British Columbia has two separate agencies that accept complaints about the police.


===What is criminal Law===
Most of rural BC, and some municipalities, are policed by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). For complaints about the RCMP, call 1-800-665-6878 or visit the [http://www.cpc-cpp.gc.ca Commission for Public Complaints Against the RCMP].  
Criminal laws make it illegal for someone to hurt or steal from other people. People who are accused of breaking the criminal law are taken to court by the government.


===Role of Police in Canada===
Many municipalities in BC are policed by their own police force — the Vancouver Police Department is an example of a municipal force. The [http://www.opcc.bc.ca Police Complaints Commissioner of BC] accepts [https://www.opcc.bc.ca/complainant/how_to_file_a_complaint.html complaints relating to municipal police forces].
 
A police officer’s duty is to protect the people in the community. In Canada, the police have to obey the law. If you believe a police officer is not obeying the rules of their role you can make a complaint.
 
To make a complaint about the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) call 1.800.665.6878 or visit [http://www.cpc-cpp.gc.ca www.cpc-cpp.gc.ca]. To make a complaint about police in B.C., contact the Office of the Police Complaint Commissioner at [http://https://www.opcc.bc.ca/complainant/how_to_file_a_complaint.html https://www.opcc.bc.ca/complainant/how_to_file_a_complaint.html].


===What to do if the police stop your car===
===What to do if the police stop your car===
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The police may stop you for many reasons. For example you may have been driving too fast, talking on your phone or not wearing a seat belt. If a police car is behind or beside you with their lights flashing they may want to talk to you. Pull your car over to the right side of the road and stop.
The police may stop you for many reasons. For example you may have been driving too fast, talking on your phone or not wearing a seat belt. If a police car is behind or beside you with their lights flashing they may want to talk to you. Pull your car over to the right side of the road and stop.


If you are stopped the police officer will ask you several questions including:
If you are stopped by the police, the officer will ask you several questions including:
 
*what is your name and address,
*what is your name and address,
*whose car it is, and
*whose car it is, and
*will ask for your driver’s  licence and vehicle insurance papers.
*produce your driver's licence and vehicle insurance papers.


Never offer the police money. It is a serious crime to bribe a police officer.
Never offer the police money. It is a serious crime to bribe a police officer.
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===Police at your house===
===Police at your house===
Police officers can knock at your door and ask to come in. The police officers can come into a house if they:
Police officers can knock at your door and ask to come in. The police officers can come into a house if they:
*have a warrant,
*have a warrant,
*think that someone they are looking for is in your house,
*think that someone they are looking for is in your house,
*suspect there is a serious crime happening in the house, or
*suspect there is a serious crime happening in the house, or
*are invited in.
*are invited in.


==Preventing crime==
===What if you see a crime happening===
===What if you see a crime happening===


If you see a crime happening call the police right away. Wait for the police officers to come. The police will come and want to talk to witnesses.
If you see a crime happening, call the police right away. Wait for the police officers to come. The police will come and want to talk to witnesses.


Witnesses are very important to Canadian law. If a witness doesn’t talk to the police, the police may not be able to arrest the criminal. The criminal might go free, and there would be more crime. If people see a crime happening, it is their duty to talk to the police.
Witnesses are very important to Canadian law. If a witness doesn’t talk to the police, the police may not be able to arrest the criminal. The criminal might go free, and there would be more crime. If people see a crime happening, it is their duty to talk to the police.
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:The police arrested a man. The police thought he was the man who robbed Ying Yee’s store. But the man said he did not do it. The police did not see him rob the store. Only Ying Yee saw the man who robbed the store. The police asked her to come to the police station. At the police station, she looked at pictures of some men. All the men looked similar, but one was the man who robbed her. She was sure. She told the police that he was the robber.
:The police arrested a man. The police thought he was the man who robbed Ying Yee’s store. But the man said he did not do it. The police did not see him rob the store. Only Ying Yee saw the man who robbed the store. The police asked her to come to the police station. At the police station, she looked at pictures of some men. All the men looked similar, but one was the man who robbed her. She was sure. She told the police that he was the robber.


==Going to court==
===A witness in court===
===A witness in court===
The victim and the witnesses to a crime may have to give evidence in court. Giving evidence means telling the court what you saw.
The victim and the witnesses to a crime may have to give evidence in court. Giving evidence means telling the court what you saw.
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:Before the court date, Ying Yee went to a meeting at the court building. The Crown counsel, also referred to as a government lawyer, and an interpreter were there.  
:Before the court date, Ying Yee went to a meeting at the court building. The Crown counsel, also referred to as a government lawyer, and an interpreter were there.  


:The Crown counsel explained to her what she would have to do and emphasized she must tell the truth and if she didn’t know the answer to a question, she should say that she didn’t know.
:The Crown counsel explained to her what she would have to do and emphasized she must tell the truth and if she didn’t know the <span class="noglossary">answer</span> to a question, she should say that she didn’t know.


:On the court day, Ying Yee went to court and waited outside the courtroom. When her name was called, she went into the courtroom. The clerk asked her to make a legal promise that everything she said in court would be true.
:On the court day, Ying Yee went to court and waited outside the courtroom. When her name was called, she went into the courtroom. The clerk asked her to make a legal promise that everything she said in court would be true.


:Ying Yee had to answer a lot of questions. An interpreter helped her. The Crown counsel asked questions first and then the defence lawyer asked Ying Yee some more questions.
:Ying Yee had to <span class="noglossary">answer</span> a lot of questions. An interpreter helped her. The Crown counsel asked questions first and then the defence lawyer asked Ying Yee some more questions.


:The judge listened to Ying Yee’s answers. Then the judge made a decision. He said the man was guilty and had to go to jail
:The judge listened to Ying Yee’s answers. Then the judge made a decision. He said the man was guilty and had to go to jail.


===Innocent until proven guilty===
===Innocent until proven guilty===
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The Crown counsel has to show that the accused person broke the law. Another lawyer defends the accused person. The judge or jury listens to both lawyers and then makes a decision. Sometimes, the judge or jury cannot be quite sure. Then the judge will let the accused person go.
The Crown counsel has to show that the accused person broke the law. Another lawyer defends the accused person. The judge or jury listens to both lawyers and then makes a decision. Sometimes, the judge or jury cannot be quite sure. Then the judge will let the accused person go.
==Being accused of a crime==


===Arrest===
===Arrest===
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There are rules for the police when they are arresting someone. The police officer must say who he or she is and why he or she is arresting the person. The police officer also has to let the person phone a lawyer right away.
There are rules for the police when they are arresting someone. The police officer must say who he or she is and why he or she is arresting the person. The police officer also has to let the person phone a lawyer right away.


A person being arrested also has rights. The person has a right to talk to the lawyer. The police must take the person to court within 24 hours or let him/her go.  
A person being arrested also has rights. The person has a right to talk to the lawyer. The police must take the person to court within 24 hours or let him or her go.  


===Going to court===
===Going to court===
If you are arrested you will receive a notice to go to court, where you will be charged for breaking the law. You will either have to plead guilty, meaning you agree that you broke the law or not guilty, meaning you don’t agree that you broke the law. You should talk to a lawyer before you decide what to do
Canada has different rules for young people who break the law. Youth attend youth court. For more information about youth and the law, read the People’s Law School booklet ''Learning about the Law: Youth'' and the ''Law or Consequences of a Youth Record''. These booklets are available at [http://www.publiclegaled.bc.ca www.publiclegaled.bc.ca].
===Help for victims and witnesses===
Sometimes a victim of a crime needs help. There are people in most communities called victim support workers who can help you if you have witnessed a crime and you have to go to court. They can explain what will happen and what you have to do. They may also go with you to court. To connect with a victim services workers contact VictimLinkBC.
VictimLinkBC.
1.800.563.0808 or [http://www.victimlinkbc.ca www.victimlinkbc.ca].
==About this fact sheet==


* [[About the Talking to the Police Fact Sheet|Acknowledgements]]
If you are arrested you will receive a notice to go to court, where you will be charged for breaking the law. You will either have to plead guilty, meaning you agree that you broke the law, or not guilty, meaning you don’t agree that you broke the law. You should talk to a lawyer before you decide what to do.


* Learn more about [[Clicklaw Wikibooks]] or visit other wikibooks from [[People's Law School]]
Canada has different rules for young people who break the law. Youth attend youth court. For more information about youth and the law, read the section [[Young People and the Law]] in the ''[[Learning about the Law Wikibook]]'' from the People’s Law School, or their booklet ''Consequences of a Youth Record'', available at [http://www.publiclegaled.bc.ca www.publiclegaled.bc.ca].


==Help for victims and witnesses==
Sometimes a victim of a crime needs help. There are people in most communities called victim support workers who can help you if you have witnessed a crime and you have to go to court. They can explain what will happen and what you have to do. They may also go with you to court. To connect with a victim services workers <span class="noglossary">contact</span> VictimLinkBC at 1-800-563-0808 or [http://www.victimlinkbc.ca www.victimlinkbc.ca].


{{REVIEWED | reviewer = [[People's Law School]], 2014}}
{{REVIEWED | reviewer = [[People's Law School]], 2014}}
== About People's Law School==
The [[People's Law School]] is a non-profit charitable society whose purpose is to provide British Columbians with reliable information about their rights and responsibilities under the law.
[[File:Peopleslawschoollogo.png‎|frameless|link=|left|100px]]
:Suite 150 - 900 Howe Street
:Vancouver, BC
:V6Z 2M4
:Tel: 604-331-5400
:Fax: 604-331-5401
:Email: [mailto:info@publiclegaled.bc.ca info@publiclegaled.bc.ca]
This fact sheet and other publications are available on the [http://www.publiclegaled.bc.ca People's Law School website]:
<big>[http://www.publiclegaled.bc.ca '''www.publiclegaled.bc.ca''']</big>
{{Talking to the Police Fact Sheet Navbox}}


{{Creative Commons for PLS
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Latest revision as of 00:58, 25 March 2014

Criminal laws make it illegal for someone to hurt or steal from other people. People who are accused of breaking the criminal law are taken to court by the government. This section explains the role of the police in investigating crimes, and what to do when you are talking to the police.

The role of police[edit]

A police officer's duty is to protect the people in the community. In Canada, the police have to obey the law. If you believe a police officer is not obeying the rules of their role you can make a complaint.

Making a complaint about the police[edit]

British Columbia has two separate agencies that accept complaints about the police.

Most of rural BC, and some municipalities, are policed by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). For complaints about the RCMP, call 1-800-665-6878 or visit the Commission for Public Complaints Against the RCMP.

Many municipalities in BC are policed by their own police force — the Vancouver Police Department is an example of a municipal force. The Police Complaints Commissioner of BC accepts complaints relating to municipal police forces.

What to do if the police stop your car[edit]

The police may stop you for many reasons. For example you may have been driving too fast, talking on your phone or not wearing a seat belt. If a police car is behind or beside you with their lights flashing they may want to talk to you. Pull your car over to the right side of the road and stop.

If you are stopped by the police, the officer will ask you several questions including:

  • what is your name and address,
  • whose car it is, and
  • produce your driver's licence and vehicle insurance papers.

Never offer the police money. It is a serious crime to bribe a police officer.

Police at your house[edit]

Police officers can knock at your door and ask to come in. The police officers can come into a house if they:

  • have a warrant,
  • think that someone they are looking for is in your house,
  • suspect there is a serious crime happening in the house, or
  • are invited in.

Preventing crime[edit]

What if you see a crime happening[edit]

If you see a crime happening, call the police right away. Wait for the police officers to come. The police will come and want to talk to witnesses.

Witnesses are very important to Canadian law. If a witness doesn’t talk to the police, the police may not be able to arrest the criminal. The criminal might go free, and there would be more crime. If people see a crime happening, it is their duty to talk to the police.

What if a crime happens to you?[edit]

The following story will help you understand what to do if a crime happens to you.

A man robbed Ying Yee’s store last night. He came in with a gun and took all her money. After the robber left, Ying Yee phoned the police. Two police officers came to the store. They asked for her name, address, and phone number. They asked what had happened. Then they asked her to write down everything that the robber said and did. It was difficult for her to write this in English, so she wrote it in Chinese. The police got it translated later.
The police arrested a man. The police thought he was the man who robbed Ying Yee’s store. But the man said he did not do it. The police did not see him rob the store. Only Ying Yee saw the man who robbed the store. The police asked her to come to the police station. At the police station, she looked at pictures of some men. All the men looked similar, but one was the man who robbed her. She was sure. She told the police that he was the robber.

Going to court[edit]

A witness in court[edit]

The victim and the witnesses to a crime may have to give evidence in court. Giving evidence means telling the court what you saw.

Ying Yee was the victim of a crime. She got a letter called a subpoena. It said the police were taking the man they arrested to court. The letter said Ying Yee had to identify him in court and give evidence. The letter said what day she had to go to court.
Before the court date, Ying Yee went to a meeting at the court building. The Crown counsel, also referred to as a government lawyer, and an interpreter were there.
The Crown counsel explained to her what she would have to do and emphasized she must tell the truth and if she didn’t know the answer to a question, she should say that she didn’t know.
On the court day, Ying Yee went to court and waited outside the courtroom. When her name was called, she went into the courtroom. The clerk asked her to make a legal promise that everything she said in court would be true.
Ying Yee had to answer a lot of questions. An interpreter helped her. The Crown counsel asked questions first and then the defence lawyer asked Ying Yee some more questions.
The judge listened to Ying Yee’s answers. Then the judge made a decision. He said the man was guilty and had to go to jail.

Innocent until proven guilty[edit]

In Canada, people who are accused of breaking the law are innocent until proven guilty. This means that, by law, they are innocent until a judge or jury decides in court that they are guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

The Crown counsel has to show that the accused person broke the law. Another lawyer defends the accused person. The judge or jury listens to both lawyers and then makes a decision. Sometimes, the judge or jury cannot be quite sure. Then the judge will let the accused person go.

Being accused of a crime[edit]

Arrest[edit]

There are rules for the police when they are arresting someone. The police officer must say who he or she is and why he or she is arresting the person. The police officer also has to let the person phone a lawyer right away.

A person being arrested also has rights. The person has a right to talk to the lawyer. The police must take the person to court within 24 hours or let him or her go.

Going to court[edit]

If you are arrested you will receive a notice to go to court, where you will be charged for breaking the law. You will either have to plead guilty, meaning you agree that you broke the law, or not guilty, meaning you don’t agree that you broke the law. You should talk to a lawyer before you decide what to do.

Canada has different rules for young people who break the law. Youth attend youth court. For more information about youth and the law, read the section Young People and the Law in the Learning about the Law Wikibook from the People’s Law School, or their booklet Consequences of a Youth Record, available at www.publiclegaled.bc.ca.

Help for victims and witnesses[edit]

Sometimes a victim of a crime needs help. There are people in most communities called victim support workers who can help you if you have witnessed a crime and you have to go to court. They can explain what will happen and what you have to do. They may also go with you to court. To connect with a victim services workers contact VictimLinkBC at 1-800-563-0808 or www.victimlinkbc.ca.

This information applies to British Columbia, Canada. Last reviewed for legal accuracy by People's Law School, 2014.


Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence Talking to the Police © People's Law School is, except for the images, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence.