Which Area of Law Does My Problem Fall Under?

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This section provides an overview of the different areas of law: civil, family, and criminal.

Generally, law is described as either criminal or civil. All civil matters fall into one of two categories: general civil law and family law.

General civil law

General civil law deals with disputes between people or organizations. This includes disputes about contracts, wills, property, and personal injury. An example of a civil dispute is when one person owes another person money. One good starting point to learn more is the section on civil law on the Courts of BC website from the Justice Education Society of BC.

General civil law also includes administrative law, which deals with a legal action between a person or organization and a government agency such as the Residential Tenancy Branch, or the Labour Relations Board of BC. Some administrative law cases ask for a review of a decision at a hearing in front of a special board called an administrative tribunal.

Good starting points to learn more about administrative law include:

Family law

Family law generally involves issues that have to be decided when an intimate relationship breaks down, and can also involve issues about the care of children. Examples of family law issues include how to divide property between separating spouses, where the children will live, and how family members will be financially supported.

Good starting points to learn more about family law include:

  • Introduction to Family Law from the Canadian Bar Association. It gives an overview of topics such as common problems, related laws, and words and phrases.
  • Introduction to the Legal System for Family Matters in the Clicklaw wikibook JP Boyd on Family Law. It provides information on the courts of British Columbia, including the types of claims heard in each court.
  • Family Law in BC. This website from Legal Services Society includes a wide range of family law information from basic fact sheets to self-help kits to complete court forms.

Criminal law

Everyone in Canada must obey Canadian criminal laws, most of which are found in the Criminal Code of Canada. If someone breaks one of these laws, they can be charged with a criminal offence. The government, usually referred to as "the Crown," takes them to court. An example of a criminal offence is shoplifting.

The criminal law process is very different from civil law. To learn more about the criminal law process, good starting points include:

This information applies to British Columbia, Canada. Last reviewed for legal accuracy by Courthouse Libraries BC staff, October 2015.



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