If You're Injured in a Motor Vehicle Accident: Difference between revisions

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{{Dial-A-Law Blurb}}
{{REVIEWEDPLS | reviewer = [https://www.icbc.com/ Krista Prockiw], ICBC |date= February 2024}} {{Dial-A-Law TOC|expanded = cars}}  
Getting hurt in a motor vehicle accident is an awful experience. Learn your legal rights and answers to common questions in the event you’re injured.


{{Dial-A-Law TOC|expanded = autos}}
==Common questions==
This script describes making a personal injury claim, going to court, and dealing with the Insurance Corporation of British Columbia, called ICBC.


==Accident victims may get compensation==
===Can I access ICBC benefits if I’m the one who caused the accident?===
If you’re hurt in a motor vehicle accident, you may be able to get two types of compensation (payments):
Yes. ICBC’s '''enhanced accident benefits''' are available to you even if you’re found to be responsible (“at fault”) for an accident. For that reason, they’re often referred to as “no fault” benefits.
*'''No-fault accident benefits''': everyone in BC who owns a vehicle must buy basic insurance from the [http://www.icbc.com/Pages/default.aspx Insurance Corporation of British Columbia], called '''ICBC'''. This insurance pays money, called “accident benefits,” to people hurt in a vehicle accident. Even if you caused the accident, ICBC will pay you these no-fault accident benefits, if you’ve met the conditions of this insurance. Generally, these benefits include temporary total disability benefits (disability benefits for lost income up to $300 a week while you are disabled due to your injuries) and medical and rehabilitation benefits.
*'''Damages''': if the accident wasn’t your fault (or only partly your fault), you can get '''damages''' for your pain and suffering, lost wages (past and future), future care, out-of-pocket expenses, and other losses. This is called a '''tort''' claim. These damages aim to put an injured person who didn’t cause the accident in the same position they would have been in if the accident had not happened (as far as money can do this).


:ICBC will typically offer you money to settle or resolve your claim—if it decides you were not totally at fault for the accident. Normally you won’t want to settle a personal injury claim until your medical condition is stable and your doctor can say when your injury will probably be resolved and whether you will have any lasting effects. Then, if you agree with ICBC’s offer, you can settle your claim. Once you settle your claim, you can’t make any further claims related to that accident. That’s true even if you later suffer new effects from your injuries, which you hadn’t expected. You will also have to sign a “full and final release of all claims” before receiving the settlement money.
These benefits are included in your basic Autoplan insurance coverage, which is mandatory for all vehicle owners in British Columbia. For more specifics, see [https://www.peopleslawschool.ca/insurance-benefits-for-accident-victims/ the People’s Law School coverage of insurance benefits for accident victims].


==How do you make a claim?==
===Can I sue the other driver if they were 100% responsible for the accident?===
You make a claim to ICBC. Report the accident by calling ICBC’s Dial-A-Claim at 604.520.8222 in the lower mainland and 1.800.910.4222 elsewhere in BC. You can also [http://www.icbc.com/claims/Pages/default.aspx make a claim online]. An ICBC adjuster will investigate the accident and decide who caused it. The adjuster will also review your medical information and expenses, so keep all your receipts.  
In most cases, no. BC law prevents someone who is injured in a motor vehicle accident from suing the other driver for compensation for their injuries (called “damages”). This applies regardless of who was responsible for the crash. Anyone who is injured in the accident can make a claim to ICBC for accident benefits.  


==See your doctor==
However, there are some exceptions when it comes to suing. For example, you may be able to sue the other driver if they were convicted of a criminal offence. For details, see [https://www.peopleslawschool.ca/injured-in-motor-vehicle-accident/ the People's Law School's in-depth guidance on if you're injured in a motor vehicle accident].
If you’re injured, see your doctor as soon as possible, as your doctor is in the best position to prescribe treatment, such as medication and physiotherapy. ICBC will then consider funding the treatment.


==Report the accident promptly==
===ICBC denied my claim for benefits. Can I appeal?===
You must report the accident promptly to ICBC. Some people prefer to see a lawyer before talking with ICBC. If you do that, your lawyer can report the claim to ICBC for you.
Yes. If you don’t agree with ICBC’s decision to deny you benefits, you can dispute it. For more on your options and the steps involved, [https://www.icbc.com/claims/disputes-appeals/Pages/Denied-benefit-disputes.aspx see ICBC’s website].


==What if you disagree with ICBC’s decision about your case?==
===How long do ICBC’s medical benefits last?===
If you disagree with ICBC’s offer or its decision about who is at fault, or if you don’t know if the offer is fair, you should see a lawyer for advice. If you or your lawyer can’t reach an agreement with ICBC, you may sue the owner and driver of the other vehicle in the accident. ICBC’s decision on who is at fault or what amount is fair for tort damages does not bind a court. A judge can decide the matter without considering what ICBC decided.  
ICBC’s accident benefits are pre-authorized to cover you for medical treatments '''for 12 weeks''' after your accident. You may be able to access benefits beyond 12 weeks if you need further treatment. Generally, you would need to show that further treatment is required for your full recovery, or to prevent a decline in your recovery.


You also have two options with ICBC. First, it has an [http://www.icbc.com/claims/feedback/Pages/default.aspx appeal process]. You can appeal ICBC’s decisions on who is at fault, its settlement offer, its denial of your claim, and its treatment of you. ICBC also has a [http://www.icbc.com/about-icbc/contact-us/Pages/Raising-your-complaints.aspx Fairness Process] that you can try if you’re not satisfied.
===What if the other driver doesn’t report the accident to ICBC?===
Under the law, any BC motorist involved in an accident has to report it to ICBC within a reasonable amount of time.


==What about suing?==
If the other driver doesn’t report the accident, your claims representative will try to contact them. If two weeks go by and they still haven’t reported it, ICBC will send a letter asking the driver to report it within 10 days. If they still don’t report it, ICBC will make an assessment on your claim using the information available.  
You may want to sue the owner and driver of the other vehicle if ICBC:
*'''refuses to pay damages''': ICBC may refuse to pay damages. Or it may pay less than you think is fair.
*'''decides that you’re at fault for the accident, partly or totally''': ICBC may decide that you caused the accident and refuse to pay damages. Or it may decide you’re partly at fault and reduce the damages by the proportion you’re at fault.  


You may also want to sue ICBC if it refuses to pay you the accident benefits you are entitled to.  
===As a pedestrian, I was hurt when a car hit me. Can I qualify for accident benefits?===
Yes. In BC, a pedestrian struck by a vehicle registered in the province is entitled to accident benefits from ICBC, whether they’re a BC resident or not. Visit [https://www.icbc.com/claims/injury/if-you-were-in-a-crash-as-a-cyclist-or-pedestrian ICBC’s website] for details.


In all these cases, you should get legal advice before you decide what to do.  
===I was injured in a car accident at work. Should I apply for workers’ compensation?===
If you were working at the time of the crash, you should report the incident to WorkSafeBC. This is the agency that oversees the province’s workers’ compensation scheme. Once you’ve reported the incident, WorkSafeBC will assess your claim and decide if you’re eligible for workers’ compensation. See our guidance on [https://dialalaw.peopleslawschool.ca/workers-compensation/ making a claim for workers’ compensation].


==What are the deadlines to sue?==
If you’re entitled to workers’ compensation, you usually won’t be able to claim accident benefits through ICBC. In some cases, you may be able to choose between the two.
If you decide to sue, you must start to sue within 2 years from the accident date, or you lose the right to sue. If you received no-fault benefits, then the 2-year deadline to sue runs from the date of the last benefit payment (not the accident date).  


If you were under the age of 19 at the time of the accident, the 2-year deadline to sue for damages does not start to run until you turn 19. But if you’re under 19 at the time of the accident, the 2-year deadline to sue for accident benefits still runs from the date of the last benefit payment (it’s not delayed until you turn 19).
==Explore further==
 
{{PLSTipsbox
In some cases, if you think a municipality is at least partly at fault for your losses from an accident, you must give them notice of your claim much sooner—sometimes within just 2 months of the accident date. And you must start suing within 6 months of the accident date.
| text = '''Step-by-step guidance'''<br>
 
For more detail, including the steps to take, see [https://www.peopleslawschool.ca/injured-in-motor-vehicle-accident/ the People’s Law School coverage of if you’re injured in a motor vehicle accident].
==Where do you sue?==
}}
*'''[https://civilresolutionbc.ca/ Civil Resolution Tribunal]''' if you are suing for $5,000 or less.
 
*'''[http://www.smallclaimsbc.ca/ Small Claims Court]''' if you are suing for over $5,000 but under $35,000. You don’t need a lawyer in Small Claims Court, but you can have one. Scripts [http://www.cbabc.org/For-the-Public/Dial-A-Law/Scripts/Small-Claims-Court 165 to 169] explain Small Claims Court.
 
*'''[http://www.courts.gov.bc.ca/supreme_court/ BC Supreme Court]''' if you are suing for over $35,000. You should have a lawyer in Supreme Court because procedures are more complex.
 
==How much does it cost to sue?==
If you’re suing for damages, you must pay your own lawyer. Most lawyers in this area accept cases on a contingency fee agreement. This means that you pay your lawyer’s fees only if you win damages at the end of your lawsuit, based on a percentage of what you recover. But you must still pay expenses, even if you lose. Discuss it with your lawyer when you first see them. ICBC pays the lawyer for the people you are suing. If you win your lawsuit, the court may order the other side to pay some of your legal fees. 
 
Lawsuits in supreme court usually don't go to trial because both sides settle the case before trial, but not always. Sometimes, cases go to mediation and an independent person acts as a mediator to help you and the other side reach a settlement agreement.
 
==Can ICBC sue you?==
Yes, ICBC can sue you in some cases. For example, if you drink and drive or text and drive and cause an accident that injures a person, that person may sue you. ICBC can pay the injured person and then demand that you pay it back. The various situations in which ICBC can collect that money from you are quite complex. So if you’re involved in such a situation, you should get legal advice.
 
==Caution—get legal advice==
See a lawyer before you make a personal injury claim. It’s critical to know all your rights and be prepared. Insurance companies, however fair, are in a conflict of interest about what to do with your claim.
 
==Summary==
If you’re injured in a motor vehicle accident, you can claim accident benefits from ICBC. If the accident wasn’t your fault, or was only partly your fault, you can also claim damages for pain and suffering and other losses. The ICBC adjuster can settle your claim if you agree. Because that agreement will be binding, you may want to see a lawyer before you agree to a settlement to learn if the offer is fair. If you can’t agree on the value of your claim, or who is responsible for the accident, you may have to sue. There are strict time limits for suing, and if you miss the time limit, you lose your right to sue. So you should see a lawyer as soon as possible after an accident for legal advice.
 
==More information==
For more on accident benefits and damages for accident victims, check script [[Insurance Benefits and Compensation for Accident Victims (Script 185)|185]], “Insurance Benefits and Compensation for Accident Victims”.
Check the [http://www.icbc.com/ ICBC website].
 
 
[updated March 2018]
 
'''The above was last reviewed for accuracy by Murray Wolf and edited by John Blois.'''
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Latest revision as of 22:49, 7 March 2024

This information applies to British Columbia, Canada. Last reviewed for legal accuracy by Krista Prockiw, ICBC in February 2024.
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Getting hurt in a motor vehicle accident is an awful experience. Learn your legal rights and answers to common questions in the event you’re injured.

Common questions

Can I access ICBC benefits if I’m the one who caused the accident?

Yes. ICBC’s enhanced accident benefits are available to you even if you’re found to be responsible (“at fault”) for an accident. For that reason, they’re often referred to as “no fault” benefits.

These benefits are included in your basic Autoplan insurance coverage, which is mandatory for all vehicle owners in British Columbia. For more specifics, see the People’s Law School coverage of insurance benefits for accident victims.

Can I sue the other driver if they were 100% responsible for the accident?

In most cases, no. BC law prevents someone who is injured in a motor vehicle accident from suing the other driver for compensation for their injuries (called “damages”). This applies regardless of who was responsible for the crash. Anyone who is injured in the accident can make a claim to ICBC for accident benefits.

However, there are some exceptions when it comes to suing. For example, you may be able to sue the other driver if they were convicted of a criminal offence. For details, see the People's Law School's in-depth guidance on if you're injured in a motor vehicle accident.

ICBC denied my claim for benefits. Can I appeal?

Yes. If you don’t agree with ICBC’s decision to deny you benefits, you can dispute it. For more on your options and the steps involved, see ICBC’s website.

How long do ICBC’s medical benefits last?

ICBC’s accident benefits are pre-authorized to cover you for medical treatments for 12 weeks after your accident. You may be able to access benefits beyond 12 weeks if you need further treatment. Generally, you would need to show that further treatment is required for your full recovery, or to prevent a decline in your recovery.

What if the other driver doesn’t report the accident to ICBC?

Under the law, any BC motorist involved in an accident has to report it to ICBC within a reasonable amount of time.

If the other driver doesn’t report the accident, your claims representative will try to contact them. If two weeks go by and they still haven’t reported it, ICBC will send a letter asking the driver to report it within 10 days. If they still don’t report it, ICBC will make an assessment on your claim using the information available.

As a pedestrian, I was hurt when a car hit me. Can I qualify for accident benefits?

Yes. In BC, a pedestrian struck by a vehicle registered in the province is entitled to accident benefits from ICBC, whether they’re a BC resident or not. Visit ICBC’s website for details.

I was injured in a car accident at work. Should I apply for workers’ compensation?

If you were working at the time of the crash, you should report the incident to WorkSafeBC. This is the agency that oversees the province’s workers’ compensation scheme. Once you’ve reported the incident, WorkSafeBC will assess your claim and decide if you’re eligible for workers’ compensation. See our guidance on making a claim for workers’ compensation.

If you’re entitled to workers’ compensation, you usually won’t be able to claim accident benefits through ICBC. In some cases, you may be able to choose between the two.

Explore further

Step-by-step guidance
For more detail, including the steps to take, see the People’s Law School coverage of if you’re injured in a motor vehicle accident.
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