Difference between revisions of "I Need to Take Someone to Court — What's the Process?"

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{{Template:Legal Help Guide TOC}}There are a number of reasons that you may want to sue someone. They may owe you money, they may have damaged your property or your reputation, or they may have injured you on purpose, by accident or through improper treatment.  
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| text      = '''Alert:''' Extensive changes to BC's ''Limitation Act'' came into force on June 1, 2013. Many limitation periods were significantly shortened. If you have suffered a loss or damage, it's important that you start an action promptly or you may lose your right to sue.
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There are a number of reasons that you may want to sue someone. They may owe you money, they may have damaged your property or your reputation, or they may have injured you on purpose, by accident or through improper treatment.  


You can sue a person for a debt or damages (compensation for harm) for up to $25,000 in Small Claims Court. You can sue in BC Supreme Court for any amount.
You can sue a person for a debt or damages (compensation for harm) for up to $25,000 in Small Claims Court. You can sue in BC Supreme Court for any amount.
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{{Tipsbox
{{Tipsbox
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| tips = You have to start a lawsuit within the ''limitation period'' for that type of claim. Some usual limitation periods are:
| tips = In June 2013, a new ''Limitation Act'' came into force. The new Act simplified the time limits for filing civil lawsuits. Instead of a variety of basic limitation periods that were based on the type of legal action, there is now a single two-year basic limitation period for all civil claims. Exceptions to this are civil claims that enforce a monetary judgment, exempted claims and actions that have limitation periods set by other statutes. The new Act also introduced a 15-year ultimate limitation period. The new Act’s limitation periods apply to claims arising from acts or omissions that occur and are discovered on or after June 1, 2013.
*two years for personal injury, defamation or damage to property,
*six years for most debts and breaches of contract, and
*10 years for fraudulent breach of trust.
 
However, these limitation periods may be shorter for different types of defendants or claims. For example, written notice of a claim against a municipality must generally be given within ''two months'' and the court action against the municipality started within ''six months''.
}}
 
{{ambox
| type      = content
| small      = center
| image      =
| smallimage =
| textstyle  =
| text      = '''Alert:''' Extensive changes to BC's ''Limitation Act'' are expected to come into force on June 1, 2013. Many of the current limitation periods will be significantly shortened. If you have suffered a loss or damage, it's important that you start an action promptly or you may lose your right to sue. How these changes to the ''Limitation Act'' will affect you depends on the details of your claim. If you have any questions about limitation periods relevant to your claim, you should seek legal advice as soon as possible. <br>
 
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Revision as of 19:18, 4 June 2013

There are a number of reasons that you may want to sue someone. They may owe you money, they may have damaged your property or your reputation, or they may have injured you on purpose, by accident or through improper treatment.

You can sue a person for a debt or damages (compensation for harm) for up to $25,000 in Small Claims Court. You can sue in BC Supreme Court for any amount.

The Small Claims Court has no jurisdiction to deal with a claim of defamation (libel or slander). These claims must be made in the BC Supreme Court.

First steps[edit]

  1. Decide whether you want to sue in Small Claims Court or BC Supreme Court. Ensure you are within the limitation period for doing so.
  2. Complete a Small Claims Court Notice of Claim or Supreme Court Notice of Civil Claim. Small Claims forms are available online from the Ministry of Justice website. Supreme Court forms can be accessed through the "Laws, Cases & Rules" page on Clicklaw; click on "BC Supreme Court Civil Forms". Include the important facts related to your claim.
  3. Take the documents to the appropriate court registry, file them (there is a fee) and have them stamped.
  4. Serve a copy of the documents on the defendant. The usual way is to get a friend or a "process server" to give the documents to the defendant in person. The court registry can tell you about other ways you can serve documents.
Tipsandnotes.png
In June 2013, a new Limitation Act came into force. The new Act simplified the time limits for filing civil lawsuits. Instead of a variety of basic limitation periods that were based on the type of legal action, there is now a single two-year basic limitation period for all civil claims. Exceptions to this are civil claims that enforce a monetary judgment, exempted claims and actions that have limitation periods set by other statutes. The new Act also introduced a 15-year ultimate limitation period. The new Act’s limitation periods apply to claims arising from acts or omissions that occur and are discovered on or after June 1, 2013.

What happens next[edit]

Small Claims Court[edit]

The defendant will need to file a Reply and provide you with a copy. You and the defendant will then receive a Notice of Settlement Conference. A settlement conference is an opportunity for you and the defendant to meet with a judge to see if you can agree to resolve the claim. The judge at a settlement conference is only there to help see if the parties can agree on a settlement. He or she cannot impose an agreement.

If the settlement conference doesn't resolve the case, you will be given a Notice of Trial. At trial, you will present your case, and the defendant will be given a chance to present his or her case. The trial judge will then decide who wins.

Supreme Court[edit]

The defendant must file and provide you with a Response to Civil Claim in response to your Notice of Civil Claim. During the next stage of a Supreme Court proceeding, known as discovery, the parties exchange documents and may cross-examine each other outside of court. Finally, if the case is not resolved, it will proceed to trial. At trial, you will need to present your evidence through witnesses and the defendant will need to do the same. At the end of the trial, the judge (or in some cases, a jury) will decide who wins.

Tipsandnotes.png
If the defendant does not file a Reply in Small Claims Court or a Response to Civil Claim in Supreme Court, you can apply to the court for a default judgment giving you all or part of your claim.

Where to get help[edit]

See the Resource List for a list of helpful resources. Your best bets are:

Before meeting with a lawyer or advocate, complete the form Preparing for Your Interview included in this Guide. Make sure you bring copies of all documents relating to your case.

This information applies to British Columbia, Canada. Last reviewed for legal accuracy by John Bilawich, February 2013.


Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada Licence Legal Help for British Columbians © Cliff Thorstenson and Courthouse Libraries BC is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada Licence.