Small Claims Appeals (20:XVI): Difference between revisions

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{{LSLAP Manual TOC|expanded = smallclaims}}
{{LSLAP Manual TOC|expanded = smallclaims}}


Any party to a proceeding may appeal  to the Supreme Court an order to allow or dismiss a claim if the judge made the order after a trial281. An appeal must be started within 40 days, beginning on the day after the order of the  Provincial  Court is  made282.  A  review  of  the  order under  appeal  may  be  on questions  of  fact  or  law283. A mistake of fact could involve a misunderstanding by the Judge of evidence given by a witness. For example, if a witness reported that a particular event happened and in the decision the Judge bases his/her decision on the fact  that  event  didn’t  happen,  there  could  be a  basis  for  an  appeal.  A  mistake of law  occurs  where  the  Judge makes an error in deciding which law should apply. Not every error made by a Small Claims Court judge will be the  basis  for  a  successful  appeal.  The  test  which  the  Supreme  Court  Judge  must  apply  is  called  the “clearly wrong  test”.  If  the  Small  Claims  Court  judge’s  decision  about  the  facts  or  the  law  is  not  clearly  wrong,  the appeal  will  fail.  An  appeal  is  usually  not  a  new  trial;  it  will  be  based  on  the  transcripts  of  the  trial  in  SmallClaims Court. The Supreme Court may, however, exercise its discretion to hear the appeal as a new trial284. No new evidence may be adduced at the appeal without leave of the court285.
Any party to a proceeding may appeal  to the Supreme Court an order to allow or dismiss a claim if the judge made the order after a trial (SCA, s 5). An appeal must be started within 40 days, beginning on the day after the order of the  Provincial  Court is  made282.  A  review  of  the  order under  appeal  may  be  on questions  of  fact  or  law283. A mistake of fact could involve a misunderstanding by the Judge of evidence given by a witness. For example, if a witness reported that a particular event happened and in the decision the Judge bases his/her decision on the fact  that  event  didn’t  happen,  there  could  be a  basis  for  an  appeal.  A  mistake of law  occurs  where  the  Judge makes an error in deciding which law should apply. Not every error made by a Small Claims Court judge will be the  basis  for  a  successful  appeal.  The  test  which  the  Supreme  Court  Judge  must  apply  is  called  the “clearly wrong  test”.  If  the  Small  Claims  Court  judge’s  decision  about  the  facts  or  the  law  is  not  clearly  wrong,  the appeal  will  fail.  An  appeal  is  usually  not  a  new  trial;  it  will  be  based  on  the  transcripts  of  the  trial  in  SmallClaims Court. The Supreme Court may, however, exercise its discretion to hear the appeal as a new trial284. No new evidence may be adduced at the appeal without leave of the court285.


For  claims  that  do  not  fit  the  criteria  for  an  appeal,  the  ''Judicial  Review  Procedure  Act''  allows  the  Supreme Court  of  British  Columbia  to  review  decisions  made  by Provincial  Court  judges  prior  to  trial.    This  includes interlocutory orders, the dismissal of a claim at a settlement conference, and adjudicator decisions in Simplified Trials  under  Rule  9.1.    The  appropriate  standard  of  review for  orders  subject  to  judicial  review  is reasonableness286.For  further  information  on  judicial  review,  refer  to  the “Public  Complaint  Procedures” chapter of the LSLAP manual287.  
For  claims  that  do  not  fit  the  criteria  for  an  appeal,  the  ''Judicial  Review  Procedure  Act''  allows  the  Supreme Court  of  British  Columbia  to  review  decisions  made  by Provincial  Court  judges  prior  to  trial.    This  includes interlocutory orders, the dismissal of a claim at a settlement conference, and adjudicator decisions in Simplified Trials  under  Rule  9.1.    The  appropriate  standard  of  review for  orders  subject  to  judicial  review  is reasonableness286.For  further  information  on  judicial  review,  refer  to  the “Public  Complaint  Procedures” chapter of the LSLAP manual287.  

Revision as of 15:07, 6 August 2016



Any party to a proceeding may appeal to the Supreme Court an order to allow or dismiss a claim if the judge made the order after a trial (SCA, s 5). An appeal must be started within 40 days, beginning on the day after the order of the Provincial Court is made282. A review of the order under appeal may be on questions of fact or law283. A mistake of fact could involve a misunderstanding by the Judge of evidence given by a witness. For example, if a witness reported that a particular event happened and in the decision the Judge bases his/her decision on the fact that event didn’t happen, there could be a basis for an appeal. A mistake of law occurs where the Judge makes an error in deciding which law should apply. Not every error made by a Small Claims Court judge will be the basis for a successful appeal. The test which the Supreme Court Judge must apply is called the “clearly wrong test”. If the Small Claims Court judge’s decision about the facts or the law is not clearly wrong, the appeal will fail. An appeal is usually not a new trial; it will be based on the transcripts of the trial in SmallClaims Court. The Supreme Court may, however, exercise its discretion to hear the appeal as a new trial284. No new evidence may be adduced at the appeal without leave of the court285.

For claims that do not fit the criteria for an appeal, the Judicial Review Procedure Act allows the Supreme Court of British Columbia to review decisions made by Provincial Court judges prior to trial. This includes interlocutory orders, the dismissal of a claim at a settlement conference, and adjudicator decisions in Simplified Trials under Rule 9.1. The appropriate standard of review for orders subject to judicial review is reasonableness286.For further information on judicial review, refer to the “Public Complaint Procedures” chapter of the LSLAP manual287.

If an order dismissing a claim is appealed to the Supreme Court, that appeal does not automatically appeal the counterclaim to the Supreme Court, nor vice versa. Each appeal is a separate matter and needs to be filed separately in the Supreme Court. Both appeals will, of course, be heard together288

A. Filing an Appeal

You must act quickly if you wish to appeal a decision as there are many steps involved and only a short a period of time. Within 40 days of the order being made,289 an appellant must, in one day, do all of the following:

  • file a Notice of Appeal in the Supreme Court registry closest to the Provincial Court where the order being appealed was made290;
  • deposit with the Supreme Court $200.00 as security for costs plus the amount of money required to be paid by the order under appeal291 or apply to the Supreme Court to reduce the amount required to be paid292;
  • apply to the registrar of the Supreme Court for a date for hearing the appeal that is at least 21 days, but not more than 6 months, after the filing date293;
  • file a copy of the Notice of Appeal in the Provincial Court registry where the order under appeal was made294.

An application to reduce the amount required to be deposited does not need to be served on any person; however, if the court reduces the amount required to be deposited, the appellant must serve notice of this order on the other parties to the appeal295.

The cost to file a Notice of Appeal in Supreme Court is $200.00 and the cost for filing an application to reduce the amount of the deposit is $80.00. An appellant who cannot afford these fees can apply to the Supreme Court registrar for indigent status.

A copy of both the Notice of Appeal and the Notice of Hearing must be served on every party affected by the appeal296. Fourteen days after filing the Notice of Appeal, the appellant must provide the Registrar with proof that the Notice of Appeal and the Notice of Hearing have been served on the respondents.

The Appellant must also order transcripts of the oral evidence given at the Small Claims Court trial and the Judge's reasons for judgment. The Appellant must pay for a copy of the transcript for the Court and one for each party to the appeal. Transcripts cost several dollars per page. So, depending on how long the trial lasted, the transcript could be many, many pages and cost hundreds and even thousands of dollars.

For a detailed checklist of the steps you must take to make an appeal, please see Appendix N.

B. The Decision of the Supreme Court

On hearing an appeal, the Supreme Court may make any order that could be made by the Provincial Court, impose reasonable terms and conditions on an order, make any additional order it considers just, and award costs to any party under the Supreme Court Civil Rules297.

There is no further appeal from a Supreme Court order298.