Difference between revisions of "Social Security Tribunal Overview (8:XIII)"

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{{REVIEWED LSLAP | date= August 1, 2023}}
{{LSLAP Manual TOC|expanded = EI}}
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If the claimant is unhappy with the decision following the Reconsideration, the claimant may file an appeal to the SST. General information about the Tribunal appeal process can be found at: http://www.canada.ca/en/sst/index.html. A comprehensive guide to appeals to the General Division and Appeals Division called “Challenging A Decision About Your Employment Insurance Claim: Reconsideration and the Social Security Tribunal” can be found on the Community Legal Assistance Society website at http://www.clasbc.net/self_help_guides.  
If the claimant is unhappy with the decision following the reconsideration, the claimant may file an appeal to the SST. General information about the Tribunal appeal process can be found [http://www.canada.ca/en/sst/index.html online].
 
A comprehensive guide to appeals to the General Division and Appeals Division called “Challenging A Decision About Your Employment Insurance Claim: Reconsideration and the Social Security Tribunal” can be found on the Community Legal Assistance Society [https://clasbc.net/resources/self-help-guides/ website].


== A. General Division ==
== A. General Division ==


Further information on appeals to the General Division can be found in the next section of the Chapter.  
The SST must receive a claimant’s appeal '''within 30 days''' of the claimant’s becoming aware of the reconsideration decision. There are two ways to file an appeal:
 
* '''Option 1''': Fill out the Notice of Appeal to the SST General Division – Employment Insurance Form, and e-mail, mail or fax it to the SST. The form can be filled out on the computer and then printed, or printed and filled out by hand. This form is accessible [https://www1.canada.ca/en/sst/forms/noa-gd-ei-en-v2.pdf online].
 
:If the claimant is unable to print the form, the claimant may contact the SST and the Tribunal will send the form to the claimant.
 
* '''Option 2''': Write the SST a letter of appeal containing all the information required in the form. If the claimant fails to provide all of the information required, the appeal may not be accepted.
 
: Upon receiving an incomplete appeal, the Tribunal will send a letter to the applicant asking them to file all missing information within 30 days of the date of the letter. If the applicant does this, the Tribunal will consider the appeal to have been filed the date of the original incomplete application for the purposes of meeting the deadline to file an appeal.
 
: Once the SST receives a completed notice of appeal, it will notify Service Canada of your appeal.
 
: If a claimant submits an appeal form after the 30 days, the claimant can request an extension in the form. However, the decision is ultimately up to the Tribunal’s discretion as to whether to grant the extension.
 
: When a Notice of Appeal is received, a Tribunal Member will be assigned to the claimant’s file. The Member will review the file and will '''dismiss any file which the Member decides has no reasonable chance of success'''. The SST will notify the claimant if they are considering summarily dismissing an appeal and provide the claimant with an opportunity to make additional submissions before the appeal is dismissed.
 
: If the appeal is proceeded with, there are several types of hearings available:
 
:* Written: the Member will ask the claimant questions and request a written response by a certain date
:* Telephone
:* Videoconference
:* In-Person
 
The Member will choose the type of hearing to be used. The Tribunal will telephone or write to the claimant to arrange the hearing. Following the hearing, the Member will send the claimant a copy of the decision.
 
=== 1. Discretionary Decisions ===
 
Discretionary decisions such as the Commission’s refusal to extend time, or its decision regarding the length of disqualification, can only be reversed if it is decided that the original decision:
 
:a) ignored or failed to consider a relevant factor, including something the Commission was unaware of, such as health problems or other information;
:b) acted on an irrelevant factor;
:c) committed a jurisdictional error; or
 
:d) acted against the principles of natural justice, such as acting with bias or bad faith.
 
The issue is whether the Commission’s exercise of discretion in the original decision was reasonable. However, where the Commission has failed to consider relevant evidence, or where there is new evidence presented for the first time by the claimant, the reviewer can exercise remedial authority by making the decision that should have been made. It is rarely difficult in a deserving case to show that the Commission has disregarded some relevant fact.
 
=== 2. Amount of Penalty ===
 
Courts have also determined that the ''amount'' of a penalty for making false statements may also be appealed only to the extent that in coming up with the amount of penalty, the Commission committed an error, such that the decision or the decision-making process was unreasonable. That being said, as stated above, one can often find some relevant “fact” that the Commission failed to consider.


The SST must receive a claimant’s appeal '''within 30 days''' of the claimant’s becoming aware (including being told in a phone call) of the Reconsideration decision. There are two ways to file an appeal:
Keep in mind that the decision to apply a penalty can always be appealed.
#Fill out the Notice of Appeal to the SST General Division – EI form and mail or fax it to the SST. The form can be filled out on the computer and then printed or printed and filled out by hand. This form is accessible at the following link: http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/common/sst-tss/forms-formulaires/SST-NOA-GD-EI-E.pdf If the claimant is unable to print the form, the  claimant may contact the SST and the Tribunal will send the form to the claimant.
#Write the SST a letter of appeal containing ''all'' the information required in the form. If the claimant fails to provide all of the information required, the appeal may not be accepted.                            


The Tribunal will notify Service Canada of your appeal.  
== B. Re-opening a Decision ==


If a claimant submits an appeal form after the 30 days, the claimant can request an extension in the form. However, the decision is ultimately the Tribunal’s as to whether or not to grant the extension.  
A claimant can apply to the Commission or the SST to rescind or amend a decision if there are new facts or the decision was made without knowledge of, or was based on a mistake as to, some material fact. This application can only be made once and must be submitted within one year of the decision.


When a Notice of Appeal is received, a Tribunal member will be assigned to the claimant’s file. The Member will review the file and will '''dismiss any file which the Member decides has no reasonable chance of success'''. The SST will notify the claimant if they are considering summarily dismissing an appeal, and provide the claimant with an opportunity to make additional submissions before the appeal is dismissed. The application to appeal a dismissal can be found here:
== C. Appeal Division ==


http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/common/sst-tss/forms-formulaires/SST-ATATTAD.pdf. 
The Appeal Division of the SST must receive a claimant’s appeal '''within 30 days''' of the claimant’s receipt of the General Division’s decision. There are two ways to file an appeal:


If the appeal is proceeded with, there are several types of hearings available:
* '''Option 1''': Fill out the Application to the Appeal Division – Employment Insurance Form, and mail or fax it to the SST. The form can be filled out on the computer and then printed or printed and filled out by hand. This form is accessible [https://www1.canada.ca/en/sst/forms/lta-ad-ei-en-v1.pdf online].
*Written: The Member will ask the claimant questions and request a written response by a certain date
*Telephone
*Videoconference
*In-Person


The Member will choose the type of hearing to be used. The Tribunal will telephone or write to the claimant to arrange the hearing.
: If the claimant is unable to print the form, the claimant may contact the SST and the Tribunal will send the form to the claimant.


Following the hearing, the Member will send the claimant a copy of the decision.
* '''Option 2''': Write the SST a letter of appeal containing all the information required in the form. It is important to ensure that all the required information is included.


== B. Appeal Division ==
: If a claimant submits an appeal form after the 30 days, the claimant can request an extension in the form. However, the decision is ultimately up to the Tribunal’s discretion as to whether to grant the extension. When a Notice of Appeal is received, a Tribunal Member will be assigned to the claimant’s file to decide whether to grant permission to allow the appeal to proceed. The grounds for appeal to the Appeal Division are:


The Appeal Division of the SST must receive a claimant’s appeal within 30 days of the claimant’s receipt of the General Division’s decision. There are two ways to file an appeal:  
:* the General Division failed to observe a principle of natural justice or otherwise acted beyond, or refused to exercise, its jurisdiction;
#Fill out the Notice of Appeal to the SST General Division – EI form and mail or fax it to the SST. The form can be filled out on the computer and then  printed or printed and filled out by hand. This form is accessible at the following link: http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/common/sst-tss/forms-formulaires/SST-ATATTAD.pdf. If the claimant is unable to print the form, the claimant may contact the SST and the Tribunal will send the form to the claimant.
:* the General Division erred in law in making its decision; or,
#Write the SST a letter of appeal containing all the information required in the form. It is important to ensure that all of the required information is included.  
:* the General Division based its decision on an erroneous finding of fact that was made in a perverse or capricious manner or without regard for the evidence before it.


If a claimant submits an appeal form after the 30 days, the claimant can request an extension in the form. However, the decision is ultimately the Tribunal’s as to whether or not to grant the extension.
A claimant will be informed in writing if their application for permission to appeal is dismissed. Permission is not required when appealing a General Division decision to summarily dismiss the appeal.


The Appeal Division has recently released a practice direction regarding incomplete appeals. Upon receiving an incomplete appeal, the Tribunal will send a  letter to the applicant asking them to file all missing information within 30 days of the date of the letter. If the applicant does this, the Tribunal will consider the appeal to have been filed the date of the original incomplete application for the purposes of meeting the deadline to file an appeal.  
If permission is granted for the appeal, the parties have 45 days to provide submissions. If no submissions are received, the Member will decide whether to allow the appeal to proceed based on the documents or submissions on file.  


When a Notice of Appeal is received, a Tribunal member will be assigned to the claimant’s file to decide whether or not to grant permission to allow the appeal to proceed. The grounds for appeal to the Appeal Division are:
In some cases, the Appeal Division will decide solely on the basis of the written record and submissions, and the Member will decide if a hearing is necessary. The hearing process used is the same as the General Division.
*The General Division failed to observe a principle of natural justice or otherwise acted beyond or refused to exercise its jurisdiction
*The General Division erred in law in making its decision
*The General Division based its decision on an erroneous finding of fact that was made in a perverse or capricious manner or without regard for the evidence before it.  


A claimant will be informed in writing if their application for permission to appeal is dismissed. Permission is not required when appealing a General  Division decision to summarily dismiss the appeal.  
Following the hearing, the Member will send the claimant a copy of the decision. The decisions of the Appeal Division are subject to review under the ''Federal Courts Act''.


If permission is granted for the appeal, the parties have 45 days to provide submissions. If no submissions are received, the Member will decide whether or not to allow the appeal to proceed based on the documents or submissions on file. In some cases the Appeal Division will decide solely on the basis of the written  record and submissions, and the Member will decide if a hearing is necessary. If the SST does decide to hold a hearing, there are several forms the hearing may take:
*Written: The Member will ask the claimant questions and request a written response by a certain date
*Telephone


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Latest revision as of 19:14, 29 August 2023

This information applies to British Columbia, Canada. Last reviewed for legal accuracy by the Law Students' Legal Advice Program on August 1, 2023.



If the claimant is unhappy with the decision following the reconsideration, the claimant may file an appeal to the SST. General information about the Tribunal appeal process can be found online.

A comprehensive guide to appeals to the General Division and Appeals Division called “Challenging A Decision About Your Employment Insurance Claim: Reconsideration and the Social Security Tribunal” can be found on the Community Legal Assistance Society website.

A. General Division

The SST must receive a claimant’s appeal within 30 days of the claimant’s becoming aware of the reconsideration decision. There are two ways to file an appeal:

  • Option 1: Fill out the Notice of Appeal to the SST General Division – Employment Insurance Form, and e-mail, mail or fax it to the SST. The form can be filled out on the computer and then printed, or printed and filled out by hand. This form is accessible online.
If the claimant is unable to print the form, the claimant may contact the SST and the Tribunal will send the form to the claimant.
  • Option 2: Write the SST a letter of appeal containing all the information required in the form. If the claimant fails to provide all of the information required, the appeal may not be accepted.
Upon receiving an incomplete appeal, the Tribunal will send a letter to the applicant asking them to file all missing information within 30 days of the date of the letter. If the applicant does this, the Tribunal will consider the appeal to have been filed the date of the original incomplete application for the purposes of meeting the deadline to file an appeal.
Once the SST receives a completed notice of appeal, it will notify Service Canada of your appeal.
If a claimant submits an appeal form after the 30 days, the claimant can request an extension in the form. However, the decision is ultimately up to the Tribunal’s discretion as to whether to grant the extension.
When a Notice of Appeal is received, a Tribunal Member will be assigned to the claimant’s file. The Member will review the file and will dismiss any file which the Member decides has no reasonable chance of success. The SST will notify the claimant if they are considering summarily dismissing an appeal and provide the claimant with an opportunity to make additional submissions before the appeal is dismissed.
If the appeal is proceeded with, there are several types of hearings available:
  • Written: the Member will ask the claimant questions and request a written response by a certain date
  • Telephone
  • Videoconference
  • In-Person

The Member will choose the type of hearing to be used. The Tribunal will telephone or write to the claimant to arrange the hearing. Following the hearing, the Member will send the claimant a copy of the decision.

1. Discretionary Decisions

Discretionary decisions such as the Commission’s refusal to extend time, or its decision regarding the length of disqualification, can only be reversed if it is decided that the original decision:

a) ignored or failed to consider a relevant factor, including something the Commission was unaware of, such as health problems or other information;
b) acted on an irrelevant factor;
c) committed a jurisdictional error; or
d) acted against the principles of natural justice, such as acting with bias or bad faith.

The issue is whether the Commission’s exercise of discretion in the original decision was reasonable. However, where the Commission has failed to consider relevant evidence, or where there is new evidence presented for the first time by the claimant, the reviewer can exercise remedial authority by making the decision that should have been made. It is rarely difficult in a deserving case to show that the Commission has disregarded some relevant fact.

2. Amount of Penalty

Courts have also determined that the amount of a penalty for making false statements may also be appealed only to the extent that in coming up with the amount of penalty, the Commission committed an error, such that the decision or the decision-making process was unreasonable. That being said, as stated above, one can often find some relevant “fact” that the Commission failed to consider.

Keep in mind that the decision to apply a penalty can always be appealed.

B. Re-opening a Decision

A claimant can apply to the Commission or the SST to rescind or amend a decision if there are new facts or the decision was made without knowledge of, or was based on a mistake as to, some material fact. This application can only be made once and must be submitted within one year of the decision.

C. Appeal Division

The Appeal Division of the SST must receive a claimant’s appeal within 30 days of the claimant’s receipt of the General Division’s decision. There are two ways to file an appeal:

  • Option 1: Fill out the Application to the Appeal Division – Employment Insurance Form, and mail or fax it to the SST. The form can be filled out on the computer and then printed or printed and filled out by hand. This form is accessible online.
If the claimant is unable to print the form, the claimant may contact the SST and the Tribunal will send the form to the claimant.
  • Option 2: Write the SST a letter of appeal containing all the information required in the form. It is important to ensure that all the required information is included.
If a claimant submits an appeal form after the 30 days, the claimant can request an extension in the form. However, the decision is ultimately up to the Tribunal’s discretion as to whether to grant the extension. When a Notice of Appeal is received, a Tribunal Member will be assigned to the claimant’s file to decide whether to grant permission to allow the appeal to proceed. The grounds for appeal to the Appeal Division are:
  • the General Division failed to observe a principle of natural justice or otherwise acted beyond, or refused to exercise, its jurisdiction;
  • the General Division erred in law in making its decision; or,
  • the General Division based its decision on an erroneous finding of fact that was made in a perverse or capricious manner or without regard for the evidence before it.

A claimant will be informed in writing if their application for permission to appeal is dismissed. Permission is not required when appealing a General Division decision to summarily dismiss the appeal.

If permission is granted for the appeal, the parties have 45 days to provide submissions. If no submissions are received, the Member will decide whether to allow the appeal to proceed based on the documents or submissions on file.

In some cases, the Appeal Division will decide solely on the basis of the written record and submissions, and the Member will decide if a hearing is necessary. The hearing process used is the same as the General Division.

Following the hearing, the Member will send the claimant a copy of the decision. The decisions of the Appeal Division are subject to review under the Federal Courts Act.


© Copyright 2023, The Greater Vancouver Law Students' Legal Advice Society.