Benefit Period of Employment Insurance (8:V): Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 12:03, 8 August 2024

This information applies to British Columbia, Canada. Last reviewed for legal accuracy by the Law Students' Legal Advice Program on August 8, 2024.

A. Introduction

When a claim is established, the claimant’s “benefit period” will begin. Under s. 10(1) of the EI Act, the benefit period begins on the Sunday at the beginning of the week in which the interruption of earnings occurs, or on the Sunday of the week in which the initial claim for benefit is made, whichever is later.

Benefits will only be paid during the benefit period.

B. Antedating

If an application for EI benefits was not filed within the first four weeks after the week in which the claimant experienced their interruption of earnings, they can ask that the claim be antedated back to the first date when it could have been filed under s. 10(4). The claimant must establish that good cause existed for the delay in filing. “Good cause” must be demonstrated for each day until the date the application was actually made. If the claim is filed within the first four weeks, it is automatically antedated to the first date of eligibility.

What is “Good Cause”? Good cause has typically been interpreted narrowly. Simple ignorance of the requirements of the EI Act has not been considered good cause, though reasonable reliance on bad advice from the employer, union, a legal advisor, or the Commission itself usually meets the requirements.

In Attorney General v Burke, 2012 FCA 139, a claimant asked for his application to be backdated because he had expected to be rehired and hence did not apply for EI until after the regular deadline. The Federal Court of Appeal upheld the previous decisions granting an antedate on the basis that the claimant had done what a reasonable person would do.

C. Income That is Treated as Earnings

Section 35(2) of the EI Regulations defines what will be considered earnings for EI purposes.

Income that counts as “earnings” includes, but is not limited to:

a) wages, salary, or commission;

b) retirement pension;

c) bonuses and gratuities;

d) severance pay;

e) vacation pay;

f) workers’ compensation payments;

g) group wage-loss insurance.

It is important to note that some income, while generally considered as earnings, will not prevent an interruption of earnings. For example, receiving severance pay or vacation pay following a layoff will not delay the occurrence of an interruption of earnings. The claimant should still apply for EI as soon as possible after they stop working to make sure their application is not late, even if the money they get from the employer due to the layoff may delay the start of their actual EI benefits.

Although the claimant will need to wait until the received funds are exhausted before being eligible to receive benefits, they must still apply for EI immediately. In such cases, the benefit period will be extended to make up for the weeks it takes to use up these earnings.

D. Income That Is Not Treated as Earnings

Section 35(7) of the EI Regulations exempts certain sources of income from being regarded as earnings. These include:

disability pension or a lump sum or pension paid in full and final settlement of a claim made for workers’ compensation payments;
payments under a sickness or disability wage-loss indemnity plan that is not a group plan;
relief grants in cash or in kind;
retroactive increases in wages or salary;

For more details, see section 35(7) of the EI Regulations.

Cases suggest that in certain circumstances some earnings may not delay the start of an EI claim. In Attorney General of Canada v Bielich, 2005 FCA 363, the court allowed a $24,000 payment to be exempted from the claimant’s allocation of earnings because the purpose of the payment was to compensate the claimant for giving up his right to seek reinstatement, not to compensate for lost pay.

Note: Retirement pensions are generally considered income and are deducted from EI benefits. However, if the claimant accumulates all the hours needed to qualify for EI after the date their pension starts, then their pension money will not be deducted from their EI benefits (see EI Regulations, s. 35(7)(e)).

E. The Waiting Period

Before receiving any EI benefits, a claimant must serve a one week “waiting period” during which they are unemployed and otherwise eligible for benefits (EI Act, s. 13).

This waiting period also applies to maternity, parental, caregiver, and sickness claims. For caregiver benefits, it can be deferred for the second family member if benefits are split, but the first person must serve it. If a claimant works during the waiting period, 100 percent of their earnings will be deducted from the first three (and no more than three) weekly benefit cheques.

F. Length of Benefit Period

The benefit period for regular EI benefits is 52 weeks (EI Act, s. 10(2)). However, this period can sometimes be extended to more than 52 weeks. The criteria for this is set out in s. 10(10) of the EI Act. The benefit period can be extended when a claimant proves that, for any week during that benefit period, the claimant was not entitled to benefit by reason of:

being confined in a jail, penitentiary, or other similar institution and they were not found guilty of the offence for which they were being held or any other offence arising out of the same transaction;
receiving earnings paid because of the complete severance of their relationship with their former employer (i.e., “using up” severance pay, vacation pay, etc.);
receiving workers’ compensation payments for an illness or injury; or
receiving payments under a provincial law on the basis of having ceased to work because continuing to work would have entailed danger to the claimant, their unborn child, or a child they are breast-feeding. BC residents are not entitled to these payments, this does not apply.

The length of any benefit period extended for these reasons cannot exceed 104 weeks (EI Act, s. 10(14)).

G. Payment of Regular Benefits

Where a benefit period for regular benefits has been established for a claimant, benefits may be paid to the claimant for each week of unemployment that falls in the benefit period, subject to the maximum benefit periods established in the EI Act, section 12.

The maximum number of weeks for which benefits may be paid in a benefit period (other than special benefits) are determined in accordance with the table in Schedule I of the EI Act by reference to the regional rate of unemployment that applies to the claimant and the number of hours of insurable employment of the claimant in their qualifying period.

Refer to Canada’s EI Economic Region map to determine whether the claimant was living in one of the economic regions.

H. Termination of Benefit Period

Once a benefit period is established, it continues to run, regardless of whether the claimant has resumed employment (although full benefits will not be paid in this case), unless the benefit period is terminated.

Section 10(8) of the EI Act states that a benefit period terminates when:

a) no further benefits are payable to the claimant in their benefit period;

b) the benefit period would otherwise end under this section; or

c) the claimant

requests that their benefit period end,
makes a new initial claim for benefits, and
qualifies as an insured person to receive benefits, or qualifies as a self-employed person to receive benefits, under the Act.

Note: The calculation of benefit rates under the EI Act makes the timing of the decision to conclude one claim and initiate a new one crucial.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{REVIEWED LSLAP | date= August 8, 2024}}
 {{LSLAP Manual TOC|expanded = EI}}
 == A. Introduction ==
-When a claim is established, the claimant’s “benefit period” will begin. Under s 10(1) of the ''EI Act'', the benefit period begins on the  Sunday at the beginning of the week in which the interruption of earnings occurs, or on the Sunday of the week in which the initial claim for benefit is made, whichever is later, though this is subject to antedating. Benefits will only be paid during the benefit period.
+When a claim is established, the claimant’s “benefit period” will begin. Under s. 10(1) of the ''EI Act'', the benefit period begins on the Sunday at the beginning of the week in which the interruption of earnings occurs, or on the Sunday of the week in which the initial claim for benefit is made, whichever is later.
+Benefits will only be paid during the benefit period.
 == B. Antedating ==
-If an application for EI benefits was not filed within the first four weeks after the claimant’s last day of work, under s 10(4) he or she can  ask that the claim be antedated back to the first date when it could have been filed. The claimant must establish that good cause existed for  the delay in filing. "Good cause" must be demonstrated for each day until the date of application was actually made. If the claim is filed within the first four weeks, it is automatically antedated to the first date of eligibility.
+If an application for EI benefits was not filed within the first four weeks after the week in which the claimant experienced their interruption of earnings, they can ask that the claim be antedated back to the first date when it could have been filed under s. 10(4). The claimant must establish that good cause existed for the delay in filing. “Good cause” must be demonstrated for each day until the date the application was actually made. If the claim is filed within the first four weeks, it is automatically antedated to the first date of eligibility.
-'''What is “Good Cause”?''' Good cause has typically been interpreted narrowly. In one case, the applicant was in the hospital and the  Commission denied his application for antedating on the grounds that his wife should have made the claim on his behalf. Simple ignorance of the requirements of the ''EI Act'' has not been considered good cause either, though reasonable reliance on bad advice from the employer, union, a legal advisor or the Commission itself usually meets the requirements.
+:'''What is “Good Cause”?''' Good cause has typically been interpreted narrowly. Simple ignorance of the requirements of the EI Act has not been considered good cause, though reasonable reliance on bad advice from the employer, union, a legal advisor, or the Commission itself usually meets the requirements.
-Recently some Boards of Referees have started to use a looser definition of good cause. In ''Attorney General v. Burke'', 2012 FCA 139, a man asked for his application to be back dated because he had expected to be rehired and hence did not apply for EI until after the regular deadline.The Board of Referees decided that the standard for good cause was whether any reasonable person would have done the same, and found the  man's case met  this standard. This ruling survived appeals to both an umpire and the Federal Court of Appeal, as the umpire refused to interfere with the board’s decision on the basis that it was reasonable and the Federal Court of Appeal found the umpire’s refusal to interfere was itself reasonable. This case may open the door to similar rulings by other Boards.
+:In [https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/fca/doc/2012/2012fca139/2012fca139.html?resultIndex=1 ''Attorney General v Burke'', 2012 FCA 139], a claimant asked for his application to be backdated because he had expected to be rehired and hence did not apply for EI until after the regular deadline. The Federal Court of Appeal upheld the previous decisions granting an antedate on the basis that the claimant had done what a reasonable person would do.
 == C. Income That is Treated as Earnings ==
-Section 35(2) of the EI Regulations defines earnings for the purpose of determining whether an interruption of earnings has occurred and all other purposes related to payment of benefits. Income that counts as “earnings” and may delay the start of a claim includes, but is not limited to:
+Section 35(2) of the ''EI Regulations'' defines what will be considered earnings for EI purposes.
-*a) severance pay;
-*b) retirement payments and retirement leave credits or payments in lieu;
-*c) most bonuses and gratuities;
-*d) wages in lieu of notice; and
-*e) vacation pay.
-Except for (c) – bonuses and gratuities – the earnings above do not prevent interruptions. The claimant should apply as soon as possible after  they stop working even if they expect to get some additional money from their employer in the future.
+Income that counts as “earnings” includes, but is not limited to:
-Income regarded as earnings is “allocated” pursuant to s 36 of the EI Regulations. This is usually done at the claimant’s regular weekly rate of pay. Such allocation will delay the start of benefits by the number of weeks the earnings can be  allocated to. For example, if a person  normally earns $500 per week, and receives $1000 severance pay, their claim will be delayed for an additional 2 weeks after they stop work. This is because it will notionally take two weeks to “use up” the $1000, as the claimant usually makes this amount in two weeks.
+:a) wages, salary, or commission;
+:b) retirement pension;
+:c) bonuses and gratuities;
+:d) severance pay;
+:e) vacation pay;
+:f) workers’ compensation payments;
+:g) group wage-loss insurance.
-Though the claimant will need to wait until the money is used up before being eligible to receive benefits, he or she '''must still apply for EI  immediately'''. The benefit period will be extended to make up for the weeks it takes to use up these earnings.
+It is important to note that some income, while generally considered as earnings, will not prevent an interruption of earnings. For example, receiving severance pay or vacation pay following a layoff will not delay the occurrence of an interruption of earnings. The claimant should still apply for EI as soon as possible after they stop working to make sure their application is not late, even if the money they get from the employer due to the layoff may delay the start of their actual EI benefits.
-== D. Income That Is Not Treated As Earnings ==
+Although the claimant will need to wait until the received funds are exhausted before being eligible to receive benefits, '''they must still apply for EI immediately'''. In such cases, the benefit period will be extended to make up for the weeks it takes to use up these earnings.
-Section 35(7) exempts certain sources of income from being regarded as earnings.
+== D. Income That Is Not Treated as Earnings ==
-Recent cases suggest that in certain circumstances some  earnings '''may not delay''' the start of an EI claim. In ''Attorney General of Canada v Doreen Myers'', 2006 FCA57 the court found that the  claimant’s vacation pay did not delay the start of a claim because it was not a payment made by reason of a separation, thus allowing benefits to be received earlier, and possibly at a higher rate.
+Section 35(7) of the ''EI Regulations'' exempts certain sources of income from being regarded as earnings. These include:
-The case of ''Attorney General of Canada v Alexander Hamilton'', 2007 FCA 104 suggests that a money payment that is made in order to compensate an employee for not pursing remedies for wrongful dismissal is not earnings and will therefore not delay the start of benefits.
+* disability pension or a lump sum or pension paid in full and final settlement of a claim made for workers’ compensation payments;
+* payments under a sickness or disability wage-loss indemnity plan that is not a group plan;
+* relief grants in cash or in kind;
+* retroactive increases in wages or salary;
-See also the case of ''Attorney General of Canada v Bielich'', 2005 FCA 363. In this case the court allowed a $24,000 payment to be exempted from the claimant’s allocation of earnings because the purpose of the payment was to compensate the claimant for giving up his right to seek reinstatement, not to compensate for lost pay.
+For more details, see section 35(7) of the ''EI Regulations''.
-Income that '''does not''' count as earnings and will not delay the start of the claim includes:
+Cases suggest that in certain circumstances some earnings may not delay the start of an EI claim. In [https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/fca/doc/2005/2005fca363/2005fca363.html?autocompleteStr=Attorney%20General%20of%20Canada%20v%20Bielich%2C%202005%20FCA%20363&autocompletePos=1 ''Attorney General of Canada v Bielich'', 2005 FCA 363], the court allowed a $24,000 payment to be exempted from the claimant’s allocation of earnings because the purpose of the payment was to compensate the claimant for giving up his right to seek reinstatement, not to compensate for lost pay.
-*a) disability pensions; and
-*b) permanent settlement Workers’ Compensation payments.
-'''NOTE:''' A retirement pension will not delay the start of a claim. However, it does constitute earnings, and will reduce the benefits payable until the pensioner has worked long enough to re-qualify for EI '''after''' the pension commences. From that point on, it is not regarded as income.
+:'''Note''': Retirement pensions are generally considered income and are deducted from EI benefits. However, if the claimant accumulates all the hours needed to qualify for EI after the date their pension starts, then their pension money will not be deducted from their EI benefits (see ''EI Regulations'', s. 35(7)(e)).
 == E. The Waiting Period ==
-Before receiving any EI benefits, a claimant must serve a two-week “waiting period” during which he or she is unemployed and otherwise  eligible for benefits. These two weeks constitute the first two weeks of the benefit period. The government's 2016 budget proposes to reduce the EI waiting period from two weeks to one week effective January 1, 2017.
+Before receiving any EI benefits, a claimant must serve a one week “waiting period” during which they are unemployed and otherwise eligible for benefits (''EI Act'', s. 13).
-This waiting period also applies to pregnancy, parental, and sickness claims. If a claimant works during the waiting period, 100 percent of his or her earnings will be deducted from the first three (and no more than three) weekly benefit cheques.
+This waiting period also applies to maternity, parental, caregiver, and sickness claims. For caregiver benefits, it can be deferred for the second family member if benefits are split, but the first person must serve it. If a claimant works during the waiting period, 100 percent of their earnings will be deducted from the first three (and no more than three) weekly benefit cheques.
 == F. Length of Benefit Period ==
-The benefit period for regular EI benefits is 52 weeks. However, this period can sometimes be extended to more than 52 weeks, like with special benefits. The criteria for this is set out in s 10(10) of the ''EI Act''. The benefit period can be extended when a claimant proves that for  any week during that benefit period the claimant was not entitled to benefit by reason of:
+The benefit period for regular EI benefits is 52 weeks (''EI Act'', s. 10(2)). However, this period can sometimes be extended to more than 52 weeks. The criteria for this is set out in s. 10(10) of the ''EI Act''. The benefit period can be extended when a claimant proves that, for any week during that benefit period, the claimant was not entitled to benefit by reason of:
-*a) receiving earnings paid by reason of the complete severance of the relationship between the claimant and the claimant’s former employer (i.e. “using up” severance pay, vacation pay, etc.);
-*b) receiving Workers’ Compensation payments for a total disability; or
+* being confined in a jail, penitentiary, or other similar institution and they were not found guilty of the offence for which they were being held or any other offence arising out of the same transaction;
-*c) receiving payments under a provincial law on the basis of having ceased to work because continuing to work would have entailed danger to the claimant, the claimant’s unborn child, or a child the claimant is breast-feeding.
+* receiving earnings paid because of the complete severance of their relationship with their former employer (i.e., “using up” severance pay, vacation pay, etc.);
+* receiving workers’ compensation payments for an illness or injury; or
+* receiving payments under a provincial law on the basis of having ceased to work because continuing to work would have entailed danger to the claimant, their unborn child, or a child they are breast-feeding. '''BC residents are not entitled to these payments, this does not apply'''.
+The length of any benefit period extended for these reasons cannot exceed 104 weeks (''EI Act'', s. 10(14)).
+== G. Payment of Regular Benefits ==
+Where a benefit period for '''regular benefits''' has been established for a claimant, benefits may be paid to the claimant for each week of unemployment that falls in the benefit period, subject to the maximum benefit periods established in the ''EI Act'', section 12.
+The maximum number of weeks for which benefits may be paid in a benefit period (other than special benefits) are determined in accordance with the table in Schedule I of the ''EI Act'' by reference to the regional rate of unemployment that applies to the claimant and the number of hours of insurable employment of the claimant in their qualifying period.
+Refer to Canada’s [http://srv129.services.gc.ca/eiregions/eng/canada.aspx EI Economic Region map] to determine whether the claimant was living in one of the economic regions.
+== H. Termination of Benefit Period ==
-The benefit period can be further extended under s  10(11) where a claimant can prove that for any week during the extension period, he or she was not entitled to benefit, again for any reason stated ins 10(10).
+Once a benefit period is established, it continues to run, regardless of whether the claimant has resumed employment (although full benefits will not be paid in this case), unless the benefit period is terminated.
-The length of any benefit period extended for these reasons cannot exceed two years or 104 weeks (''EI Act'', s 10(14)).
+Section 10(8) of the ''EI Act'' states that a benefit period terminates when:
-== G. Termination of Benefit Period ==
+:a) no further benefits are payable to the claimant in their benefit period;
+:b) the benefit period would otherwise end under this section; or
+:c) the claimant
+:* requests that their benefit period end,
+:* makes a new initial claim for benefits, and
+:* qualifies as an insured person to receive benefits, or qualifies as a self-employed person to receive benefits, under the ''Act''.
-While a benefit period is normally 52 weeks long, the maximum number of weeks for which benefits may be payable will vary in each case  depending upon the individual claimant’s entitlement (see [[Types of Employment Insurance Benefits (8:VI) | Section VI: Types of Benefits]]). Once a benefit period is established, it continues to run notwithstanding that the claimant may have returned to work (though full benefits will not actually be paid in this case), unless the benefit period is terminated.
+:'''Note''': The calculation of benefit rates under the ''EI Act'' makes the timing of the decision to conclude one claim and initiate a new one crucial.
-Section 10(8) states that a benefit period terminates when:
-#no further benefits are payable to the claimant in his or her benefit period;
-#the benefit period would otherwise end under this section; and
-#the claimant:
-#*a) asks that the benefit period end;
-#*b) makes a new initial claim for benefit; and
-#*c) qualifies to receive benefit under this part of the ''EI Act''.
-'''NOTE:''' The way benefit rates are calculated under the ''EI Act'' can make the timing of the decision to end one claim and start a new one  crucial. Therefore, it may be better for a claimant to terminate an existing benefit period prior to its expiration and establish a new one, in order to use working periods during the benefit period that may improve his or her benefit rate orattachment.
+{{LSLAP Manual Navbox|type=chapters8-14}}