Welfare Overpayments and Fraud (21:VII)

LSLAP Manual
This page is from the Law Students' Legal Advice Program Manual. See the full contents.
LSLAP Manual
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8. Employment Insurance · I. Introduction · II. Governing Legislation and Resources · III. Qualifying for EI · IV. Types of Benefits · V. Benefit Period · VI. Quantifying Benefits · VII. Benefit Entitlement · VIII. Penalties, Violations, and Offences · IX. Keeping Out of Trouble · X. Timing for Reporting · XI. Overpayment and Collections · XII. Reconsideration · XIII. Social Security Tribunal · XIV. Appeals · XV. Judicial Review · XVI. LSLAP's Use of This Chapter · Appendix A: Initial Application Checklist
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16. Wills and Estate Administration · I. Introduction · II. Governing Legislation & Resources · III. Making and Executing a Will · IV. Will Mistakes and Alterations · V. Court's Power · VI. Revocation · VII. Wills Variation Claims · VIII. Intestacy · IX. Property · X. Estate Administration · XI. Duties of Personal Representative · XII. Tax: RRSP & RRIF & TFSA · XIII. LSLAP Program Information · Appendix A: Will Instructions Questionnaire · Appendix B: Will Drafting and Execution Checklist · Appendix C: Glossary
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19. Landlord and Tenant Law · I. Introduction · II. Governing Legislation · III. Residential Tenancy Act & Laws · IV. Tenancy Agreements · V. Moving In & Moving Out · VI. Security Deposits · VII. Repair & Service · VIII. Rent Increase · IX. Tenant's Rights · X. Subletting & Assignment · XI. Termination & Eviction · XII. Dispute Resolution · XIII. Common Law · XIV. Strata & Condos · XV. Assisted Living · XVI. Manufactured Homes · XVII. Guidelines & Resources
20. Small Claims and the CRT · I. Introduction · II. Governing Legislation & Resources · III. Do You Have a Claim? · IV. Choosing the Proper Forum · V. Starting a Claim · VI. Responding to a Claim · VII. Default Order · VIII. How a Claim Proceeds · IX. Pre-Trial Applications · X. Mediation · XI. Settlement Conferences · XII. Trial & Pre-Trial Conferences · XIII. Trial Preparation · XIV. Trials · XV. Costs and Penalties · XVI. Appeals · XVII. Enforcement of a Judgement · XVIII. LSLAP Program Information · Appendix A: Registries · Appendix B: Demand Letter · Appendix C: Notice of Claim · Appendix D: Reply to Claim · Appendix E: Glossary · Appendix F: Limitation Periods · Appendix G: Causes of Action · Appendix H: Court Fees · Appendix I: Tribunal Fees · Appendix J: Settlement Conference · Appendix K: Payment Hearing · Appendix L: Appeal
21. Welfare Law · I. Introduction · II. Governing Legislation & Resources · III. Eligibility · IV. Special Situations · V. Eligibility Factors · VI. Hardship Assistance · VII. Overpayments & Fraud · VIII. Rates & Payment Issues · IX. Additional Allowances & Benefits · X. Health Supplements · XI. Appeals
22. Strata Law · I. Introduction · II. Governing Legislation · III. Strata Concept · IV. Strata Plan · V. Common Property & Assets · VI. Governance · VII. Management · VIII. Finances · IX. Collections · X. Bylaws & Rules · XI. Rentals & Accommodations · XII. Privacy · XIII. Insurance · XIV. Repair & Maintenance · XV. Dispute Resolution · XVI. Recourse to the Courts
23. Referrals · I. General · II. Family Law & Women · III. Residential Tenancy · IV. Human Rights · V. Wills & Estates · VI. Immigration & Refugee · VII. Disability · VIII. Employment · IX. Debt · X. Indigenous · XI. Police Complaints · XII. Chinese Language · XIII. Others
v • d • e

A. What is a Welfare Overpayment?

If a person receives any form of welfare benefit or supplement that he or she is not entitled to, those benefits are considered to be an overpayment. Overpayments can range from a few dollars to tens of thousands of dollars. Many overpayments arise not out of fraud by the welfare recipient but rather out of an honest error on the part of either the recipient or MSDSI.

When a person has received an overpayment from MSDSI for any form of benefit under the welfare legislation, the overpayment is a debt owed to the Crown. According to EAA, ss 27-28 and EAPWDA, ss 18-19, the government may recover the debt by deducting funds from subsequent payments of income assistance or pursuing a court action.

NOTE: If a client faces a civil lawsuit for a welfare overpayment resulting from failure to provide complete or accurate information, refer him or her to a lawyer at the Community Legal Assistance Society.

B. Repayment Agreements

MSDSI often asks people suspected of having received a welfare overpayment to sign a repayment agreement acknowledging the alleged debt. Before signing a repayment agreement, clients should ask to review MSDSI’s evidence and its reasons for the determination that there is an overpayment and, if possible, get legal advice or help from an advocate. MSDSI can often make errors in its overpayment determinations.

In many situations, it is advisable to not sign an acknowledgment. However, if the client does choose to sign an acknowledgment and repay the overpayment, repayment schedules can be negotiated for as low as $10 each month. The MSDSI is not presently charging interest on repayments.

C. Appealing an Overpayment Decision

A welfare recipient can appeal a decision by MSDSI that he or she owes an overpayment. However, MSDSI’s decision about the amount of a person’s overpayment is not open to appeal (EAA, s 27(2) and EAPWDA, s 18(2)), although a person can apply for a reconsideration of the amount of an overpayment (for more on reconsiderations, see section IX below).

In Newfoundland (Social Services Appeal Board) v Butler, [1996] NJ No 91, the court held that the Ministry could not recover the monies paid out to Ms. Butler by mistake. Ms. Butler successfully used the defence of change of circumstance. The court held that because Ms. Butler had made expenditures that she would not otherwise have made without the overpayment, it would be unjust to force her to pay the Ministry back. Therefore, it may be that in similar situations, recipients of overpayments will not be obligated to repay social assistance for monies paid under a mistake of fact. Please note that in this case, Ms. Butler reported the income to the Ministry and the Ministry erred in not deducting it. D.Welfare Fraud Some overpayments result not out of an honest error, but rather out of a recipient’s knowing failure to provide MSDSI with accurate information about his or her eligibility. Section 31 of the EAA and s 22 of the EAPWDA set out when a person is considered to have committed a statutory offence of welfare fraud. Welfare recipients can also be charged with fraud under the Criminal Code. Where the MSDSI receives information regarding potential fraud or non-disclosure, it will investigate and may take one or more of the following steps: refer to the Crown for charge approval under the Criminal Code, the EAA or the EAPWDA; take civil action to recover the overpayment; enter into a repayment agreement with the recipient;deduct the overpayment(s) from future benefits; or declare the person ineligible for assistance for three benefit months. NOTE: If a client has been charged criminally with welfare fraud, refer him or her to the Legal Services Society to apply for a legal aid criminal lawyer.

Welfare Overpayments and Fraud (21:VII)

A. What is a Welfare Overpayment?

B. Repayment Agreements

C. Appealing an Overpayment Decision

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