JP Boyd on Family Law: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
| small = | | small = | ||
| image = none | | image = none | ||
| style = | | style = ; | ||
| smallimage = | | smallimage = | ||
| textstyle = | | textstyle = | ||
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
===Getting Started=== | ===Getting Started=== | ||
*[[Introduction to JP Boyd on Family Law|Introduction]]{{·}} [[Family Law in British Columbia]]{{·}} [[Terminology|Definitions]]{{·}} [[Legislation in Family Matters|Family Law Legislation]]{{·}} [[Divorce Act Basics|''Divorce Act'' Basics]]{{·}} [[Family Law Act Basics|''Family Law Act'' Basics]] | *[[Introduction to JP Boyd on Family Law|Introduction]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Family Law in British Columbia]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Terminology|Definitions]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Legislation in Family Matters|Family Law Legislation]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Divorce Act Basics|''Divorce Act'' Basics]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Family Law Act Basics|''Family Law Act'' Basics]] | ||
===Chapters=== | ===Chapters=== | ||
{| | {| class="table-chapters-books" | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| | | | ||
*'''[[Introduction to the Legal System for Family Matters|The Legal System]]''' | *'''[[Introduction to the Legal System for Family Matters|The Legal System]]''' | ||
**[[The Court System for Family Matters|The Court System]]{{·}}[[The Law for Family Matters|The Law]]{{·}}[[You & Your Lawyer]] | **[[The Court System for Family Matters|The Court System]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}}[[The Law for Family Matters|The Law]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}}[[You & Your Lawyer]] | ||
| [[Bob Mostar]] and [[Mark Norton]] | | class="nomobile" | [[Bob Mostar]] and [[Mark Norton]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| | | | ||
*'''[[Resolving Family Law Problems out of Court|Resolving Problems out of Court]]''' | *'''[[Resolving Family Law Problems out of Court|Resolving Problems out of Court]]''' | ||
**[[Collaborative Process]]{{·}}[[Family Law Mediation|Mediation]]{{·}} [[Family Law Arbitration|Arbitration]]{{·}} [[Parenting Coordination]] | **[[Collaborative Process]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}}[[Family Law Mediation|Mediation]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Family Law Arbitration|Arbitration]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Parenting Coordination]] | ||
| [[Catherine Brink]], [[Morag MacLeod QC]], [[John-Paul Boyd]] and [[Deirdre Severide]] | | class="nomobile" | [[Catherine Brink]], [[Morag MacLeod QC]], [[John-Paul Boyd]] and [[Deirdre Severide]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| | | | ||
*'''[[Resolving Family Law Problems in Court|Resolving Problems in Court]]''' | *'''[[Resolving Family Law Problems in Court|Resolving Problems in Court]]''' | ||
**[[Starting a Court Proceeding in a Family Matter|Starting a Court Proceeding]]{{·}} [[Replying to a Court Proceeding in a Family Matter|Replying to a Court Proceeding]]{{·}} [[Overview of Case Conferences and Discovery in Family Law Matters|Case Conferences & Discovery Overview]]{{·}} [[Case Conferences in a Family Law Matter|Case Conferences]]{{·}} [[Discovery Process in a Family Law Matter|Discovery Process]]{{·}} [[Interim Applications in Family Matters|Interim Applications]]{{·}} [[Rules Promoting Settlement in Family Matters|Rules Promoting Settlement]]{{·}} [[Preparing for and Going to Trial in Supreme Court|Supreme Court Trials]]{{·}} [[Preparing for and Going to Trial in Provincial Court|Provincial Court Trials]]{{·}} [[Enforcing Orders in Family Matters|Enforcing Orders]]{{·}} [[Changing Final Orders in Family Matters|Changing Final Orders]]{{·}}[[Victoria Early Resolution and Case Management Model|Victoria Early Resolution Project]] | **[[Starting a Court Proceeding in a Family Matter|Starting a Court Proceeding]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Replying to a Court Proceeding in a Family Matter|Replying to a Court Proceeding]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Overview of Case Conferences and Discovery in Family Law Matters|Case Conferences & Discovery Overview]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Case Conferences in a Family Law Matter|Case Conferences]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Discovery Process in a Family Law Matter|Discovery Process]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Interim Applications in Family Matters|Interim Applications]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Rules Promoting Settlement in Family Matters|Rules Promoting Settlement]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Preparing for and Going to Trial in Supreme Court|Supreme Court Trials]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Preparing for and Going to Trial in Provincial Court|Provincial Court Trials]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Enforcing Orders in Family Matters|Enforcing Orders]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Changing Final Orders in Family Matters|Changing Final Orders]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}}[[Victoria Early Resolution and Case Management Model|Victoria Early Resolution Project]] | ||
| [[Shannon Aldinger]] and [[Julie Brown]] | | class="nomobile" | [[Shannon Aldinger]] and [[Julie Brown]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| | | | ||
*'''[[Family Law Agreements]]''' | *'''[[Family Law Agreements]]''' | ||
**[[Cohabitation Agreements|Cohabitation Agreements]]{{·}} [[Marriage Agreements|Marriage Agreements]]{{·}} [[Separation Agreements|Separation Agreements]]{{·}} [[Enforcing Family Law Agreements|Enforcing Agreements]]{{·}} [[Changing Family Law Agreements|Changing Agreements]] | **[[Cohabitation Agreements|Cohabitation Agreements]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Marriage Agreements|Marriage Agreements]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Separation Agreements|Separation Agreements]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Enforcing Family Law Agreements|Enforcing Agreements]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Changing Family Law Agreements|Changing Agreements]] | ||
| [[Beatrice McCutcheon]] and [[Gagan Mann]] | | class="nomobile" | [[Beatrice McCutcheon]] and [[Gagan Mann]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| | | | ||
*'''[[Children in Family Law Matters|Children]]''' | *'''[[Children in Family Law Matters|Children]]''' | ||
**[[Parenting after Separation]]{{·}} [[Guardianship, Parenting Arrangements and Contact|Guardianship, Parenting and Contact]]{{·}} [[Custody and Access|Custody and Access]]{{·}} [[Changing Family Law Orders and Agreements Involving Children|Making Changes]]{{·}} [[Estrangement and Alienation|Estrangement and Alienation]] | **[[Parenting after Separation]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Guardianship, Parenting Arrangements and Contact|Guardianship, Parenting and Contact]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Custody and Access|Custody and Access]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Changing Family Law Orders and Agreements Involving Children|Making Changes]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Estrangement and Alienation|Estrangement and Alienation]] | ||
| [[Mary Mouat QC]] and [[Samantha Rapoport]] | | class="nomobile" | [[Mary Mouat QC]] and [[Samantha Rapoport]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| | | | ||
*'''[[Child Support]]''' | *'''[[Child Support]]''' | ||
**[[Child Support Guidelines|The Guidelines]]{{·}} [[Exceptions to the Child Support Guidelines|Exceptions to the Guidelines]]{{·}} [[Making Changes to Child Support|Making Changes]]{{·}} [[Child Support Arrears]] | **[[Child Support Guidelines|The Guidelines]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Exceptions to the Child Support Guidelines|Exceptions to the Guidelines]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Making Changes to Child Support|Making Changes]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Child Support Arrears]] | ||
| [[Maryam Sodagar]] and [[Inga Phillips]] | | class="nomobile" | [[Maryam Sodagar]] and [[Inga Phillips]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| | | | ||
*'''[[Spousal Support]]''' | *'''[[Spousal Support]]''' | ||
**[[Basic Principles of Spousal Support|Basic Principles]]{{·}} [[The Spousal Support Advisory Guidelines|The Advisory Guidelines]]{{·}} [[Making Changes to Spousal Support|Making Changes]]{{·}} [[Spousal Support Arrears]] | **[[Basic Principles of Spousal Support|Basic Principles]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[The Spousal Support Advisory Guidelines|The Advisory Guidelines]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Making Changes to Spousal Support|Making Changes]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Spousal Support Arrears]] | ||
| [[David Dundee]] and [[Gillian Oliver]] | | class="nomobile" | [[David Dundee]] and [[Gillian Oliver]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| | | | ||
*'''[[Property & Debt in Family Law Matters|Property & Debt]]''' | *'''[[Property & Debt in Family Law Matters|Property & Debt]]''' | ||
**[[Basic Principles of Property & Debt in Family Law|Basic Principles]]{{·}} [[Protecting Property & Debt in Family Law Matters|Protecting Property & Debt]]{{·}} [[Dividing Property & Debt in Family Law Matters|Dividing Property & Debt]] | **[[Basic Principles of Property & Debt in Family Law|Basic Principles]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Protecting Property & Debt in Family Law Matters|Protecting Property & Debt]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Dividing Property & Debt in Family Law Matters|Dividing Property & Debt]] | ||
| [[Helen Chiu]] and [[Matthew Ostrow]] | | class="nomobile" | [[Helen Chiu]] and [[Matthew Ostrow]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| | | | ||
*'''[[Family Relationships]]''' | *'''[[Family Relationships]]''' | ||
**[[Marriage & Married Spouses]]{{·}} [[Unmarried Spouses]]{{·}} [[Other Unmarried Relationships]]{{·}} [[Children's Caregivers and Extended Family|Caregivers and Extended Family]]{{·}} [[Adoption]]{{·}} [[Parentage and Assisted Reproduction|Parentage and Assisted Reproduction]] | **[[Marriage & Married Spouses]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Unmarried Spouses]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Other Unmarried Relationships]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Children's Caregivers and Extended Family|Caregivers and Extended Family]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Adoption]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Parentage and Assisted Reproduction|Parentage and Assisted Reproduction]] | ||
| [[Stephen Wright]] and [[Michael Sinclair]] | | class="nomobile" | [[Stephen Wright]] and [[Michael Sinclair]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| | | | ||
*'''[[Separation & Divorce]]''' | *'''[[Separation & Divorce]]''' | ||
**[[Separation]]{{·}} [[Separating Emotionally]]{{·}} [[Divorce]] | **[[Separation]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Separating Emotionally]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Divorce]] | ||
| [[Vanessa Van Sickle]] | | class="nomobile" | [[Vanessa Van Sickle]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| | | | ||
*'''[[Family Violence Overview|Family Violence]]''' | *'''[[Family Violence Overview|Family Violence]]''' | ||
**[[Family Violence and the Family Law Act|Family Violence under the ''Family Law Act'']]{{·}} [[Family Violence and Child Protection|Child Protection]]{{·}} [[Family Violence and the Criminal Code|Criminal Code]]{{·}} [[Suing for Family Violence in a Family Law Claim|Civil Claims]] | **[[Family Violence and the Family Law Act|Family Violence under the ''Family Law Act'']]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Family Violence and Child Protection|Child Protection]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Family Violence and the Criminal Code|Criminal Code]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Suing for Family Violence in a Family Law Claim|Civil Claims]] | ||
| [[Fiona Beveridge]] and [[Samantha Simpson]] | | class="nomobile" | [[Fiona Beveridge]] and [[Samantha Simpson]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| | | | ||
*'''[[Specific Communities and Family Law|Specific Communities]]''' | *'''[[Specific Communities and Family Law|Specific Communities]]''' | ||
**[[Aboriginal Families]]{{·}} [[Immigrants and Family Law|Newcomers to Canada and Family Law]]{{·}} [[Same Sex Relationships and Issues Affecting Transgendered and Transsexual People|LGBTQ Community]] | **[[Aboriginal Families]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Immigrants and Family Law|Newcomers to Canada and Family Law]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Same Sex Relationships and Issues Affecting Transgendered and Transsexual People|LGBTQ Community]] | ||
| [[Rhaea Bailey]], [[Taruna Agrawal]] and [[Todd Bell]] | | class="nomobile" | [[Rhaea Bailey]], [[Taruna Agrawal]] and [[Todd Bell]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| | | | ||
*'''[[Overlapping Legal Issues and Family Law|Overlapping Legal Issues]]''' | *'''[[Overlapping Legal Issues and Family Law|Overlapping Legal Issues]]''' | ||
**[[Naming and Changes of Name|Naming and Changes of Name]]{{·}} [[Wills and Estates Issues in Family Law|Wills and Estates Issues]]{{·}} [[Conflict of Laws Issues in Family Law|Conflict of Laws Issues]] | **[[Naming and Changes of Name|Naming and Changes of Name]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Wills and Estates Issues in Family Law|Wills and Estates Issues]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Conflict of Laws Issues in Family Law|Conflict of Laws Issues]] | ||
| [[Bob Mostar]] and [[Mark Norton]] | | class="nomobile" | [[Bob Mostar]] and [[Mark Norton]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align:top;" | |- style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 99: | Line 99: | ||
===How Do I?=== | ===How Do I?=== | ||
*'''Marriage, Separation & Divorce''' | *'''Marriage, Separation & Divorce''' | ||
**[[How Do I Get Married in British Columbia?|Get Married in British Columbia?]]{{·}} [[How Do I Prepare for Separation?|Prepare for Separation?]]{{·}} [[How Do I Separate from My Spouse?|Separate from My Spouse?]]{{·}} [[How Do I Find Out if I'm Divorced?|Find Out if I'm Divorced?]]{{·}} [[How Do I Get Divorced?|Get Divorced?]]{{·}} [[How Do I Get my Certificate of Divorce?|Get my Certificate of Divorce?]] | **[[How Do I Get Married in British Columbia?|Get Married in British Columbia?]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[How Do I Prepare for Separation?|Prepare for Separation?]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[How Do I Separate from My Spouse?|Separate from My Spouse?]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[How Do I Find Out if I'm Divorced?|Find Out if I'm Divorced?]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[How Do I Get Divorced?|Get Divorced?]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[How Do I Get my Certificate of Divorce?|Get my Certificate of Divorce?]] | ||
*'''Avoiding an Obligation''' | *'''Avoiding an Obligation''' | ||
**[[How Do I Get Out of Paying Child Support?|Get Out of Paying Child Support?]]{{·}} [[How Do I Get Out of Paying Spousal Support?|Get Out of Paying Spousal Support?]]{{·}} [[How Do I Get Out of Sharing My Assets?|Get Out of Sharing My Assets?]] | **[[How Do I Get Out of Paying Child Support?|Get Out of Paying Child Support?]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[How Do I Get Out of Paying Spousal Support?|Get Out of Paying Spousal Support?]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[How Do I Get Out of Sharing My Assets?|Get Out of Sharing My Assets?]] | ||
*'''Alternatives to Court''' | *'''Alternatives to Court''' | ||
**[[How Do I Start Negotiations with My Spouse?|Start Negotiations with My Spouse?]]{{·}} [[How Do I Start Mediation with My Spouse?|Start Mediation with My Spouse?]]{{·}} [[How Do I Start a Collaborative Process with My Spouse?|Start a Collaborative Process with My Spouse?]]{{·}} [[How Do I Start Arbitration with My Spouse?|Start Arbitration with My Spouse?]]{{·}} [[How Do I Hire a Parenting Coordinator?|Hire a Parenting Coordinator?]] | **[[How Do I Start Negotiations with My Spouse?|Start Negotiations with My Spouse?]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[How Do I Start Mediation with My Spouse?|Start Mediation with My Spouse?]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[How Do I Start a Collaborative Process with My Spouse?|Start a Collaborative Process with My Spouse?]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[How Do I Start Arbitration with My Spouse?|Start Arbitration with My Spouse?]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[How Do I Hire a Parenting Coordinator?|Hire a Parenting Coordinator?]] | ||
More [[JP Boyd on Family Law — How Do I?|How Do I?]] topics... | More [[JP Boyd on Family Law — How Do I?|How Do I?]] topics... | ||
===Court Forms & Documents=== | ===Court Forms & Documents=== | ||
*[[Supreme Court Forms (Family Law)|Supreme Court Forms & Examples]]{{·}} [[Provincial Court Forms (Family Law)|Provincial Court Forms & Examples]]{{·}} [[Other Forms and Documents (Family Law)|Other Family Law Forms & Documents]] | *[[Supreme Court Forms (Family Law)|Supreme Court Forms & Examples]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Provincial Court Forms (Family Law)|Provincial Court Forms & Examples]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Other Forms and Documents (Family Law)|Other Family Law Forms & Documents]] | ||
===From the Author=== | ===From the Author=== | ||
*[[JP Boyd on Family Law Editorial Manifesto|Editorial Manifesto]]{{·}} [[Rights and Responsibilities of Self-Represented Litigants]] | *[[JP Boyd on Family Law Editorial Manifesto|Editorial Manifesto]]<span class="mobileonly"><br /></span>{{·}} [[Rights and Responsibilities of Self-Represented Litigants]] | ||
==Editors and Advisory Committee== | ==Editors and Advisory Committee== | ||
===Current editors=== | ===Current editors=== | ||
[[JP Boyd on Family Law Contributors|Many contributors and editors]] help to improve ''JP Boyd on Family Law'' and keep it current, including: | [[JP Boyd on Family Law Contributors|Many contributors and editors]] help to improve ''JP Boyd on Family Law'' and keep it current, including: | ||
<gallery style="text-align: left;" mode=nolines heights=120px> | |||
File:ddundee.png|link=David Dundee|''[[David Dundee]]'' | |||
File:TAgrawal.jpg|link=Taruna Agrawal|''[[Taruna Agrawal]]'' | |||
File:rbailey.jpg|link=Rhaea Bailey|''[[Rhaea Bailey]]'' | |||
File:saldinger.png|link=Shannon Aldinger|''[[Shannon Aldinger]]'' | |||
File:bmccutcheon.jpg|link=Beatrice McCutcheon|''[[Beatrice McCutcheon]]'' | |||
File:Mmouat.png|link=Mary Mouat|''[[Mary Mouat QC]]'' | |||
File:msinclair.png|link=Michael Sinclair|''[[Michael Sinclair]]'' | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Creative Commons== | ==Creative Commons== | ||
Revision as of 02:33, 22 January 2021
(print edition released July 2019)
 |
Download the full Wikibook in PDF. |
 |
Download the full Wikibook in EPUB (learn more). |
 |
Buy this Wikibook and get it by mail. |
 |
Customize: take what you need, leave the rest (learn more). |
 |
Written in plain language, with rollover definitions for legal words and phrases, JP Boyd on Family Law provides practical, in-depth coverage of family law and divorce law in British Columbia. This trusted source for family law information is based on John-Paul Boyd's popular website, BC Family Law Resource, and is completely updated for the Family Law Act. To get started, read Family Law in British Columbia for a quick introduction. Then dive into the main chapters of the wikibook, or see the How Do I? section for answers to common procedural questions. Read about the transition of this resource to a wiki format. View the many lawyers and judges who are part of the editorial team led by Megan Ellis QC that keep this resource updated.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on the justice system and how family law problems are resolved. Clicklaw has gathered helpful links and resources about the virus in a new page, Covid-19 Resources for British Columbians. Information about how the courts are responding can be found on the websites of the Provincial Court and the Supreme Court, and John-Paul Boyd's YouTube channel on family law topics, "Five Minute Family Law," now includes COVID-19 and Family Law, Part 1 and Part 2.
The Divorce Act will be changing on 1 March 2021, and so will this wikibook. In the meantime, we've prepared a summary of the more important changes. Read our page on the New Divorce Act.
Contents
Getting Started
- Introduction
· Family Law in British Columbia
· Definitions
· Family Law Legislation
· Divorce Act Basics
· Family Law Act Basics
Chapters
How Do I?
- Marriage, Separation & Divorce
- Avoiding an Obligation
- Alternatives to Court
More How Do I? topics...
Court Forms & Documents
- Supreme Court Forms & Examples
· Provincial Court Forms & Examples
· Other Family Law Forms & Documents
From the Author
Editors and Advisory Committee
Current editors
Many contributors and editors help to improve JP Boyd on Family Law and keep it current, including:
Creative Commons
JP Boyd on Family Law © John-Paul Boyd and Courthouse Libraries BC is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Canada Licence.
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||